Contenuto dell'articolo principale
Abstract
SCOPO: analizzare la prevalenza del Burnout definito dal MBI-GS tra il personale sanitario diTerapia Intensiva (TI) durante l’emergenza COVID-19.
METODO: è stato condotto uno studio trasversale multicentrico. Un campione composto da197 sanitari (135 infermieri e 62 Medici) ha partecipato allo studio. Tra il 25 Marzo e il 15Maggio 2020, il questionario Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), è statoinviato online tramite la piattaforma Google Forms al fine di rilevare e misurare la gravità della Sindrome di Burnout (BOS).
RISULTATI : i sintomi BOS-correlati (punteggio medio o alto) per i singoli domini della MBI-GS sono stati identificati in almeno il 69% dei sanitari. Novantotto sanitari (49.7%) presentavano un rischio medio-alto di esaurimento emotivo, 108 (54.8%) di depersonalizzazione e 102 (51.8%) di ridotta realizzazione personale. Un rischio alto di esaurimento emotivo (27.4% vs 8.1%, p= 0.002), un rischio moderato di depersonalizzazione (56.3% vs 32.2%, p= 0.0017) e un rischio moderato per la ridotta realizzazione personale (60.7% vs 24.2%, p< 0.001) è stato maggiormente osservato tra il personale infermieristico. Dalla relazione tra Burnout ed età anagrafica, è stata osservata una forte associazione tra aumento dell’età e aumento del rischio di Burnout severo (F=12.226; p<0.001) in tutto il personale intervistato.
CONCLUSIONI: i risultati suggeriscono come il personale sanitario durante l’emergenza abbia avuto alti livelli di sofferenza lavorativa e sia stato a rischio di esaurimento fisico ed emotivo. Tuttavia ulteriori ricerche dovrebbero essere intraprese per stabilire relazioni causali tra BOS e fattori di rischio personale e ambientale tra gli operatori sanitari in relazione all’esperienza COVID-19.
Parole chiave
Dettagli dell'articolo
Riferimenti
- Bakker, A.B., Le Blanc, P.M., & Schaufeli, W.B. (2005). Burnout contagion among intensive care nurses. J Adv Nurs, 51: 276-87.
- Burla, F., Murgano, A., Bruschini, M., & Cinti, M.E. (2013). Burnout and its components. a comparison of critical care unit nursing and ward nursing. Prevention & Research, 2(2), 53-58.
- Cañadas-de la Fuente, G.A., Albendín-García, L.R., Cañadas, G., San Luis-Costas, C., Ortega-Campos, E., de la Fuente-Solana, E.I. (2018). Nurse burnout in critical care units and emergency departments: intensity and associated factors. Emergencias, 30(5):328-331.
- Chuang, C.H., Tseng, P.C., Lin, C.Y., Lin, K.H., Chen, Y.Y.systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore), 95(50):e5629.
- Cicchitti, C., Cannizzaro, G., Rosi, F., Maccaroni, R., Menditto, V.G. (2014). Il burnout in emergenza preospedaliera e ospedaliera. Indagine conoscitiva in due coorti di infermieri. Recenti Prog Med, 105: 275-280
- Cimotti, J.P., Aiken, L.K., Sloane, D.M., & Wu, E.S. (2012). Nurse staffing, burnout, and health care–associated infection. American Journal of Infection Control, 40(6), 486-490.
- Fiabane, E., Giorgi, I., Sguazzin, C., & Argentero, P. (2013). Work engagement and occupational stress in nurses and other. Journal of clinical nursing, 22, 2614-2624.
- Garman, A.N., Corrigan, P.W., & Morris, S. (2002). Staff Burnout and patient satisfaction: evidence of relationships at the care unit level. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7(3), 235-241.
- Harrad, R., & Sulla, F. (2018). Factors associated with and impact of burnout in nursing and residential home care workers for the elderly. Acta Biomed, 7;89(7-S):60-69.
- Healy, S., & Tyrrell, M. (2011). Stress in emergency departments: experiences of nurses and doctors. Emerg Nurse, 19:31-7.
- Khasne, R.W., Dhakulkar, B.S., Mahajan, H.C., Kulkarni, A.P. (2020). Burnout among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Results of a Questionnaire-based Survey. Indian J Crit Care Med, 24(8):664–671.
- Li, H., Cheng, B., & Zhu, X. P. (2018). Quantification of burnout in emergency nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Emerg Nurs, 39:46-54.
- Italian Ministry of Health. (2015). Manuale di Formazione per il Governo Clinico. Retrieved April 16, 2016, from http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/c_17_pubblicazioni_1688_allegato.pdf.
- Marti, F., Giannarelli, D., Mitello, L., Fabriani, L., Latina, R., Mauro, L. (2019). Correlation between Work Engagement and Burnout among Registered Nurses: an Italian hospital survey. Professioni Infermieristiche, 72(1):42-49.
- Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The Maslach Burnout Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psycologist Press.
- Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W.B., & Leither, M.P. (2001). Job Burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397-442.
- Maunder, R.G., Lancee, W.J., Balderson, K.E., Bennett, J.P., Borgundvaag, B.,et al. (2006). Long-term psychological and occupational effects of providing hospital healthcare during SARS outbreak. Emerg Infect Dis, 12(12):1924-32.
- Montiel-Company, J.M., Subirats-Roig, C., Flores-Martí, P., Bellot-Arcís, C., Almerich-Silla, J.M. (2016). Validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Estimating Burnout in Dental Students. J Dent Educ, 80(11):1368-1375.
- Salvarani, V., Rampoldi, G., Ardenghi, S., Bani, M., Blasi, P., Ausili, D., Di Mauro, S., Strepparava M.G. (2019). Protecting emergency room nurses from burnout: The role of dispositional mindfulness, emotion regulation and empathy. J Nurs Manag, 27(4):765-774.
- Sirigatti, S., & Stefanile, C. (1993). Adattamento e taratura per l’Italia. In C. Maslach & S. Jackson, MBI Maslach Burnout Inventory. Firenze: Organizzazioni Speciali. Manuale. (pp. 33-42).
- Talaee, N., Varahram, M., Jamaati, H., Salimi, A., Attarchi, M., Kazempour Dizaji, M., Sadr, M., Hassani, S., Farzanegan, B., Monjazebi, F., Seyedmehdi, S.M. (2020). Stress and burnout in health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic: validation of a questionnaire. Z Gesundh Wiss, 6:1-6.
- Valente, M.D.S.D.S., Wang, Y.P., Menezes, P.R. (2018). Structural validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and influence of depressive symptoms in banking workplace: Unfastening the occupational conundrum. Psychiatry Res, 267:168-174
- Wickramasinghe, N.D., Dissanayake, D.S., Abeywardena, G.S. (2018). Validity and reliability of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey in Sri Lanka. BMC Psychol, 12-6(1):52.
- Wong, T.W., Yau, J.K., Chan, C.L., Kwong, R.S., Ho, S.M., Lau, C.C., Lau, F.L., Lit, C.H. (2005). The psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak on healthcare workers in emergency departments and how they cope. Eur J Emerg Med, 12(1):13-8.
- World Health Organization. (2019). https://www.who.int/mental_ health/evidence/burn-out/en/.
Riferimenti
Bakker, A.B., Le Blanc, P.M., & Schaufeli, W.B. (2005). Burnout contagion among intensive care nurses. J Adv Nurs, 51: 276-87.
Burla, F., Murgano, A., Bruschini, M., & Cinti, M.E. (2013). Burnout and its components. a comparison of critical care unit nursing and ward nursing. Prevention & Research, 2(2), 53-58.
Cañadas-de la Fuente, G.A., Albendín-García, L.R., Cañadas, G., San Luis-Costas, C., Ortega-Campos, E., de la Fuente-Solana, E.I. (2018). Nurse burnout in critical care units and emergency departments: intensity and associated factors. Emergencias, 30(5):328-331.
Chuang, C.H., Tseng, P.C., Lin, C.Y., Lin, K.H., Chen, Y.Y.systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore), 95(50):e5629.
Cicchitti, C., Cannizzaro, G., Rosi, F., Maccaroni, R., Menditto, V.G. (2014). Il burnout in emergenza preospedaliera e ospedaliera. Indagine conoscitiva in due coorti di infermieri. Recenti Prog Med, 105: 275-280
Cimotti, J.P., Aiken, L.K., Sloane, D.M., & Wu, E.S. (2012). Nurse staffing, burnout, and health care–associated infection. American Journal of Infection Control, 40(6), 486-490.
Fiabane, E., Giorgi, I., Sguazzin, C., & Argentero, P. (2013). Work engagement and occupational stress in nurses and other. Journal of clinical nursing, 22, 2614-2624.
Garman, A.N., Corrigan, P.W., & Morris, S. (2002). Staff Burnout and patient satisfaction: evidence of relationships at the care unit level. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7(3), 235-241.
Harrad, R., & Sulla, F. (2018). Factors associated with and impact of burnout in nursing and residential home care workers for the elderly. Acta Biomed, 7;89(7-S):60-69.
Healy, S., & Tyrrell, M. (2011). Stress in emergency departments: experiences of nurses and doctors. Emerg Nurse, 19:31-7.
Khasne, R.W., Dhakulkar, B.S., Mahajan, H.C., Kulkarni, A.P. (2020). Burnout among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Results of a Questionnaire-based Survey. Indian J Crit Care Med, 24(8):664–671.
Li, H., Cheng, B., & Zhu, X. P. (2018). Quantification of burnout in emergency nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Emerg Nurs, 39:46-54.
Italian Ministry of Health. (2015). Manuale di Formazione per il Governo Clinico. Retrieved April 16, 2016, from http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/c_17_pubblicazioni_1688_allegato.pdf.
Marti, F., Giannarelli, D., Mitello, L., Fabriani, L., Latina, R., Mauro, L. (2019). Correlation between Work Engagement and Burnout among Registered Nurses: an Italian hospital survey. Professioni Infermieristiche, 72(1):42-49.
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The Maslach Burnout Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psycologist Press.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W.B., & Leither, M.P. (2001). Job Burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397-442.
Maunder, R.G., Lancee, W.J., Balderson, K.E., Bennett, J.P., Borgundvaag, B.,et al. (2006). Long-term psychological and occupational effects of providing hospital healthcare during SARS outbreak. Emerg Infect Dis, 12(12):1924-32.
Montiel-Company, J.M., Subirats-Roig, C., Flores-Martí, P., Bellot-Arcís, C., Almerich-Silla, J.M. (2016). Validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Estimating Burnout in Dental Students. J Dent Educ, 80(11):1368-1375.
Salvarani, V., Rampoldi, G., Ardenghi, S., Bani, M., Blasi, P., Ausili, D., Di Mauro, S., Strepparava M.G. (2019). Protecting emergency room nurses from burnout: The role of dispositional mindfulness, emotion regulation and empathy. J Nurs Manag, 27(4):765-774.
Sirigatti, S., & Stefanile, C. (1993). Adattamento e taratura per l’Italia. In C. Maslach & S. Jackson, MBI Maslach Burnout Inventory. Firenze: Organizzazioni Speciali. Manuale. (pp. 33-42).
Talaee, N., Varahram, M., Jamaati, H., Salimi, A., Attarchi, M., Kazempour Dizaji, M., Sadr, M., Hassani, S., Farzanegan, B., Monjazebi, F., Seyedmehdi, S.M. (2020). Stress and burnout in health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic: validation of a questionnaire. Z Gesundh Wiss, 6:1-6.
Valente, M.D.S.D.S., Wang, Y.P., Menezes, P.R. (2018). Structural validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and influence of depressive symptoms in banking workplace: Unfastening the occupational conundrum. Psychiatry Res, 267:168-174
Wickramasinghe, N.D., Dissanayake, D.S., Abeywardena, G.S. (2018). Validity and reliability of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey in Sri Lanka. BMC Psychol, 12-6(1):52.
Wong, T.W., Yau, J.K., Chan, C.L., Kwong, R.S., Ho, S.M., Lau, C.C., Lau, F.L., Lit, C.H. (2005). The psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak on healthcare workers in emergency departments and how they cope. Eur J Emerg Med, 12(1):13-8.
World Health Organization. (2019). https://www.who.int/mental_ health/evidence/burn-out/en/.