Contenuto dell'articolo principale
Abstract
SCOPO: Analizzare la prevalenza del Burnout definito dal MBI-GS tra il personale infermieristico italiano durante l’emergenza COVID-19.
INTRODUZIONE: La recente emergenza sanitaria che nella prima metà del 2020 ha visto l’Italia coinvolta nella gestione dei pazienti affetti da COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 19), ha comportato un ulteriore stress per gli ospedali sia in termini di posti letto sia in termini di carico di lavoro per il personale sanitario.
METODO: È stato condotto uno studio trasversale multicentrico. Un campione di convenienza composto da 208 infermieri ha partecipato allo studio. Tra il 20 Marzo e il 20 Luglio 2020, il questionario Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), è stato somministrato tramite la piattaforma Google Forms al fine di rilevare e misurare la gravità della Sindrome di Burnout (BOS).
RISULTATI: I sintomi BOS-correlati (punteggio medio o alto) per i singoli domini della MBI-GS sono stati identificati in almeno il 68% degli infermieri. Cento-sessantuno infermieri (77.4%) presentavano un rischio di esaurimento emotivo, 143 (68.7%) di depersonalizzazione, e 162 (77.9%) di ridotta realizzazione personale. Un maggior rischio è stato osservato tra gli infermieri che gestivano pazienti COVID presso la propria unità operativa (RR=1.27, p= 0.016). Il rischio di BOS severa, è stata osservata in 146 infermieri analizzati (70.2%) con un incremento del rischio tra gli infermieri di Terapia Intensiva (n= 79/84, 94% vs n= 67/124, 54%) (x2= 38.324; p< 0.001).
CONCLUSIONI: I risultati suggeriscono come gli infermieri durante la pandemia siano stati a rischio di esaurimento fisico ed emotivo. Ulteriori ricerche dovrebbero essere intraprese per stabilire relazioni causali tra BOS e fattori di rischio personale e ambientale in relazione all’esperienza COVID-19.
Parole chiave
Dettagli dell'articolo
Riferimenti
- Bakker, A.B., Le Blanc, P.M., Schaufeli, W.B. (2005). Burnout contagion among intensive care nurses. J Adv Nurs, 51: 276-87.
- Burla, F., Murgano, A., Bruschini, M., Cinti, M.E. (2013). Burnout and its components. a comparison of critical care unit nursing and ward nursing. Prevention & Research, 2(2), 53-58.
- Cañadas-de la Fuente., G.A., Albendín-García, L.R., Cañadas, G., San Luis-Costas, C., Ortega-Campos E, de la Fuente-Solana, E.I. (2018). Nurse burnout in critical care units and emergency departments: intensity and associated factors. Emergencias, 30(5):328-331.
- Chuang, C.H., Tseng, P.C., Lin, C.Y., Lin, K.H., Chen, Y.Y. (2016). Burnout in the intensive care unit professionals: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore), 95(50):e5629.
- Cicchitti, C., Cannizzaro, G., Rosi, F., Maccaroni, R., Menditto, V.G. (2014). Il burnout in emergenza preospedaliera e ospedaliera. Indagine conoscitiva in due coorti di infermieri. Recenti Prog Med, 105: 275-280.
- Cimotti, J.P., Aiken, L.K., Sloane, D.M., Wu, E.S. (2012). Nurse staffing, burnout, and health care–associated infection. American Journal of Infection Control, 40(6), 486-490.
- Fiabane, E., Giorgi, I., Sguazzin, C., Argentero, P. (2013). Work engagement and occupational stress in nurses and other.Journal of clinical nursing, 22, 2614-2624.
- Garman, A.N., Corrigan, P.W., Morris, S. (2002). Staff Burnout and patient satisfaction: evidence of relationships at the care unit level. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7(3), 235-241.
- Harrad, R, & Sulla, F. (2018). Factors associated with and impact of burnout in nursing and residential home care workers for the elderly. Acta Biomed, 7;89(7-S):60-69.
- Healy, S., & Tyrrell, M. (2011). Stress in emergency departments: experiences of nurses and doctors. Emerg Nurse, 19:31-7.
- Italian Ministry of Health.. Manuale di Formazione per il Governo Clinico. Retrieved April 16, 2016, from .
- Khasne, R.W., Dhakulkar, B.S., Mahajan, H.C., Kulkarni, A.P. (2020). Burnout among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Results of a Questionnaire-based Survey. Indian J Crit Care Med, 24(8):664–671.
- Li, H., Cheng, B., Zhu, X.P. (2018). Quantification of burnout in emergency nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Emerg Nurs, 39:46-54.
- Marti, F., Giannarelli, D., Mitello, L., Fabriani, L., Latina, R., Mauro, L. (2019). Correlation between Work Engagement and Burnout among Registered Nurses: an Italian hospital survey. Professioni Infermieristiche, 72(1):42-49.
- Maslach, C., Jackson, S.E. (1981). The Maslach Burnout Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psycologist Press 1981.
- Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W.B., Leither, M.P. (2001). Job Burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397-442.
- Maunder, R.G., Lancee, W.J., Balderson, K.E., Bennett, J.P., Borgundvaag, B., et al. (2006). Long-term psychological and occupational effects of providing hospital healthcare during SARS outbreak. Emerg Infect Dis, 12(12):1924-32.
- Montiel-Company, J.M., Subirats-Roig, C., Flores-Martí, P., Bellot-Arcís, C., Almerich-Silla, J.M. (2016). Validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Estimating Burnout in Dental Students. J Dent Educ, 80(11):1368-1375.
- Salvarani, V., Rampoldi, G., Ardenghi, S., Bani, M., Blasi, P., Ausili, D., Di Mauro, S., Strepparava, M.G. (2019). Protecting emergency room nurses from burnout: The role of dispositional mindfulness, emotion regulation and empathy. J Nurs Manag, 27(4):765-774.
- Sirigatti, S., & Stefanile, C. (1993). Adattamento e taratura per l’Italia. In C. Maslach & S. Jackson, MBI Maslach Burnout Inventory. Manuale. 1993;33-42.
- Talaee, N., Varahram, M., Jamaati, H., Salimi, A., Attarchi, M., et al. (2020). Stress and burnout in health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic: validation of a questionnaire. Z Gesundh Wiss, 6:1-6.
- Valente, M.D.S.D.S., Wang, Y.P., Menezes, P.R. (2018). Structural validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and influence of depressive symptoms in banking workplace: Unfastening the occupational conundrum. Psychiatry Res, 267:168-174.
- Wong, T.W., Yau, J.K., Chan, C.L., Kwong, R.S., Ho, S.M., Lau, C.C., Lau, F.L., Lit, C.H. (2005). The psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak on healthcare workers in emergency departments and how they cope. Eur J Emerg Med. 12(1):13-8.
- Wickramasinghe, N.D., Dissanayake, D.S., Abeywardena, G.S. (2018). Validity and reliability of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey in Sri Lanka. BMC Psychol, 12-6(1):52.
Riferimenti
Bakker, A.B., Le Blanc, P.M., Schaufeli, W.B. (2005). Burnout contagion among intensive care nurses. J Adv Nurs, 51: 276-87.
Burla, F., Murgano, A., Bruschini, M., Cinti, M.E. (2013). Burnout and its components. a comparison of critical care unit nursing and ward nursing. Prevention & Research, 2(2), 53-58.
Cañadas-de la Fuente., G.A., Albendín-García, L.R., Cañadas, G., San Luis-Costas, C., Ortega-Campos E, de la Fuente-Solana, E.I. (2018). Nurse burnout in critical care units and emergency departments: intensity and associated factors. Emergencias, 30(5):328-331.
Chuang, C.H., Tseng, P.C., Lin, C.Y., Lin, K.H., Chen, Y.Y. (2016). Burnout in the intensive care unit professionals: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore), 95(50):e5629.
Cicchitti, C., Cannizzaro, G., Rosi, F., Maccaroni, R., Menditto, V.G. (2014). Il burnout in emergenza preospedaliera e ospedaliera. Indagine conoscitiva in due coorti di infermieri. Recenti Prog Med, 105: 275-280.
Cimotti, J.P., Aiken, L.K., Sloane, D.M., Wu, E.S. (2012). Nurse staffing, burnout, and health care–associated infection. American Journal of Infection Control, 40(6), 486-490.
Fiabane, E., Giorgi, I., Sguazzin, C., Argentero, P. (2013). Work engagement and occupational stress in nurses and other.Journal of clinical nursing, 22, 2614-2624.
Garman, A.N., Corrigan, P.W., Morris, S. (2002). Staff Burnout and patient satisfaction: evidence of relationships at the care unit level. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7(3), 235-241.
Harrad, R, & Sulla, F. (2018). Factors associated with and impact of burnout in nursing and residential home care workers for the elderly. Acta Biomed, 7;89(7-S):60-69.
Healy, S., & Tyrrell, M. (2011). Stress in emergency departments: experiences of nurses and doctors. Emerg Nurse, 19:31-7.
Italian Ministry of Health.. Manuale di Formazione per il Governo Clinico. Retrieved April 16, 2016, from .
Khasne, R.W., Dhakulkar, B.S., Mahajan, H.C., Kulkarni, A.P. (2020). Burnout among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Results of a Questionnaire-based Survey. Indian J Crit Care Med, 24(8):664–671.
Li, H., Cheng, B., Zhu, X.P. (2018). Quantification of burnout in emergency nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Emerg Nurs, 39:46-54.
Marti, F., Giannarelli, D., Mitello, L., Fabriani, L., Latina, R., Mauro, L. (2019). Correlation between Work Engagement and Burnout among Registered Nurses: an Italian hospital survey. Professioni Infermieristiche, 72(1):42-49.
Maslach, C., Jackson, S.E. (1981). The Maslach Burnout Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psycologist Press 1981.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W.B., Leither, M.P. (2001). Job Burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397-442.
Maunder, R.G., Lancee, W.J., Balderson, K.E., Bennett, J.P., Borgundvaag, B., et al. (2006). Long-term psychological and occupational effects of providing hospital healthcare during SARS outbreak. Emerg Infect Dis, 12(12):1924-32.
Montiel-Company, J.M., Subirats-Roig, C., Flores-Martí, P., Bellot-Arcís, C., Almerich-Silla, J.M. (2016). Validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Estimating Burnout in Dental Students. J Dent Educ, 80(11):1368-1375.
Salvarani, V., Rampoldi, G., Ardenghi, S., Bani, M., Blasi, P., Ausili, D., Di Mauro, S., Strepparava, M.G. (2019). Protecting emergency room nurses from burnout: The role of dispositional mindfulness, emotion regulation and empathy. J Nurs Manag, 27(4):765-774.
Sirigatti, S., & Stefanile, C. (1993). Adattamento e taratura per l’Italia. In C. Maslach & S. Jackson, MBI Maslach Burnout Inventory. Manuale. 1993;33-42.
Talaee, N., Varahram, M., Jamaati, H., Salimi, A., Attarchi, M., et al. (2020). Stress and burnout in health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic: validation of a questionnaire. Z Gesundh Wiss, 6:1-6.
Valente, M.D.S.D.S., Wang, Y.P., Menezes, P.R. (2018). Structural validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and influence of depressive symptoms in banking workplace: Unfastening the occupational conundrum. Psychiatry Res, 267:168-174.
Wong, T.W., Yau, J.K., Chan, C.L., Kwong, R.S., Ho, S.M., Lau, C.C., Lau, F.L., Lit, C.H. (2005). The psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak on healthcare workers in emergency departments and how they cope. Eur J Emerg Med. 12(1):13-8.
Wickramasinghe, N.D., Dissanayake, D.S., Abeywardena, G.S. (2018). Validity and reliability of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey in Sri Lanka. BMC Psychol, 12-6(1):52.