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Abstract

Background: Il disturbo mentale può impattare su diversi aspetti di vita della persona e dunque anche sui suoi modelli nutrizionali; la letteratura evidenzia come i soggetti affetti dal disturbo siano ad alto rischio di malnutrizione, tuttavia gli studi a disposizione sono limitati, in particolare nel contesto italiano. Scopo: Indagare la prevalenza del fenomeno della malnutrizione in difetto e della sindrome metabolica nelle persone ricoverate all’interno del Servizio Psichiatrico di Diagnosi e Cura. Valutare caratteristiche ed abitudini alimentari del campione. Metodi: Valutazione del rischio di malnutrizione in difetto (scala Mini Nutritional Assessment) e di Sindrome Metabolica (criteri ATPIII) in tutti i soggetti maggiorenni ricoverati al momento del ricovero presso i due SPDC di un grande ospedale universitario milanese. Risultati: Centouno soggetti sono stati valutati; il 29.70% è risultato a rischio o già in condizione di malnutrizione in difetto; sono emerse associazioni significative (p<0.05) con diagnosi di Disturbo Depressivo Maggiore, livelli sierici di albumina sotto range e bassi livelli di appetito; l’11,88% ha soddisfatto i criteri definenti la Sindrome Metabolica con associazioni significative (p<0.05) con diagnosi di Disturbo Psicotico, alti livelli di appetito e assunzione di cibo spazzatura oltre 4 volte alla settimana. Conclusioni: Lo studio ha evidenziato la rilevanza della problematica all’interno della popolazione studiata; i risultati suggeriscono la necessità di una sistematica valutazione, in ogni contesto clinico e della centralità del ruolo infermieristico nella creazione di un piano alimentare personalizzato e condiviso. 

Parole chiave

mental health nutrition screening nursing salute mentale nutrizione screening infermieristica

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Albieri, J., Ferrara, P., Terzoni, S., Salcuni, S., Destrebecq, A. ., & Gambini, O. (2020). Valutazione del rischio nutrizionale in persone affette da disturbo mentale ricoverate in un contesto psichiatrico acuto: uno studio italiano. PROFESSIONI INFERMIERISTICHE, 73(3). Recuperato da https://www.profinf.net/pro3/index.php/IN/article/view/804
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