Contenuto dell'articolo principale
Abstract
Introduzione:"ˆLa morte di un paziente in etí pediatrica provoca ripercussioni sul piano personale, sociale e lavorativo al personale infermieristico che l'ha assistito. Il presente studio qualitativo ha l'obiettivo di indagare i vissuti e le strategie di coping degli infermieri che lavorano in oncoematologia pediatrica di fronte alla morte dei bambini/ragazzi assistiti.
Metodo:"ˆE' stato svolto nell'U.O.C. Clinica di Oncoematologia Pediatrica - Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, intervistando gli infermieri senza vincoli di sesso, etí , formazione o anni di attivití presso la struttura, tramite una griglia per la rilevazione di dati socio-demografici ed un'intervista semi-strutturata.
Risultati: Sono stati intervistati 36 (72%) infermieri (etí compresa tra 24 e 57 anni). La morte di un paziente provoca emozioni e sensazioni: impotenza, rabbia, identificazione con i genitori, tristezza e disorientamento per l'incapacití di trovare spiegazione alla morte del bambino. Tra le strategie di coping utilizzate prevale la volontí di sfogarsi.
Conclusioni: La morte in oncologia pediatrica è un evento le cui ripercussioni sul personale infermieristico non devono essere sottovalutate, poiché rappresentano una fonte di stress emotivo per la mancanza di supporti adeguati e di formazione sufficiente.
Keywords: vissuti di morte, strategie di coping, infermieri, oncologia pediatrica, nursing burnout, studio qualitativo. Parole chiave: esperienze di morte, strategie di coping, infermieri, oncologia pediatrica, burnout infermieristico, studio qualitativo.
Experiences and coping strategies of nurses in the face of death in pediatric hematology: qualitative study
Introduction:"ˆThe death of a pediatric patient causes personal, social and work-related repercussions on nursing staff who have witnessed it. The objective of this qualitative study is to investigate the experiences and the coping strategies of nurses working in pediatric oncoematology before the deaths of assisted children/adolescents.
Method: It has been placed in the Pediatric Oncoematology Clinic - Padua Hospital. Nurses without considering sex, age, training or years of activity at the clinic were interview using a socio-demographic data collection board and a semi-structured interview. Results:"ˆ36 (72%) nurses (between 24 and 57 years) were interviewed. The death of a patient causes emotions and feelings: impotence, anger, identification with parents, sadness and disorientation for the inability to find explanation for the death of the child. Among the coping strategies used prevail the will to vent.
Conclusion:"ˆDeath in pediatric oncology is an event whose repercussions on nursing staff should not be underestimated as they are a source of emotional stress due to lack of adequate support and adequate training.
Keywords: death experiences, coping strategies, nurses, pediatric oncology, nursing burnout, qualitative study.
Dettagli dell'articolo
Riferimenti
- AIRTUM e AIEOP Working Group (2013). I tumori in Italia - rapporto 2012. I tumori dei bambini e degli adolescenti. Epidemiologia & Prevenzione, 37(1 suppl. 1), 1-296.
- Ablett, J. R., Jones, R. S. P. (2007). Resilience and well-being in palliative care staff: a qualitative study of hospice nurses' experience of work. Psycho-Oncology, 16 (8), 733-740.
- Akuroma, R., Curran, T., Eye, A. (2016). Coping strategies used by nurses in dealing with patient death and dying. Bachelor's thesis, degree Programme in nursing social services. Health Sport. Retreived from http://theseus.fi/bitstream/handle /10024/123887/Akuroma_Roseline.pdf?sequence=1.
- Chang, E. M., Daly, J., Hancock, K. M., Bidewell, J. W., Johnson, A., Lambert, V. A., et al. (2006). The relationships among workplace stressors, coping methods, demographic characteristics, and health in Australian nurses. Journal of Professional Nursing, 22 (1), 30-38.
- Conte, T. M. (2011). Pediatric oncology nurse and grief education: a telephone survey. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 28 (2), 93-99.
- Costello, J. (2001). Nursing older dying patients; findings from an ethnographic study of death and dying in elderly care wards. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 35 (1), 59-68.
- Cullen, A. (1995). Burnout. Why do we blame the nurse? The American Journal of Nursing, 95 (11), 22-27.
- De Souza, L. F., Misko, M. D., Silva, L., Poles, K., Dos Santos, M. R., & Bousso, R. S. (2013). Dignified death for children: perceptions of nurses from an oncology unit. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem, 47 (1), 30-37.
- Dunne, K. (2004). Grief and its manifestations. Nursing Standard, 18 (45), 45-51.
- Ekedahl, M., & Wengstrí¶m, Y. (2006). Nurses in cancer care--coping strategies when encountering existential issues. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 10 (2), 128-139.
- Forster, E., & Hafiz, A. (2015). Paediatric death and dying: exploring coping strategies of health professionals and perceptions of support provision. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 21(6), 294-301.
- Hecktman, H. M. (2012). Stress in pediatric oncology nurses. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 29 (5), 356-361.
- Hinds, P. S., Quargnenti, A. G., Hickey, S. S., & Magnum, G. H. (1994). A comparison of the stress-response sequence in new and experienced pediatric oncology nurses. Cancer Nursing, 17 (1), 61-71.
- Hinds, P., Puckett, P., Donohoe, M., Milligan, M., Payne, K., Phipps, S., et al. (1994). The impact of a grief workshop for pediatric oncology nurses on their grief and perceived stress. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 9 (6), 388-397.
- Klein, S. D., Bucher, H. U., Hendriks, M. J., Baumann-Hí¶lzle, R., Streuli, J. C., Berger, T. M., Fauchère, J. C. & On Behalf Of The Swiss Neonatal End-Of-Life Study Group (2017). Sources of distress for physicians and nurses working in Swiss neonatal intensive care units. Swiss Medical Weekly, 147, 1-6.
- Kpassagou, B. L., & Soedje, K. M. A. (2017). Health practitioners' emotional reactions to caring for hospitalized children in Lomé, Togo: a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research, 17(2), 700.
- Kushnir, T., Rabin, S., & Azulai, S. (1997). A descriptive study of stress management in a group of pediatric oncology nurses. Cancer Nursing, 20 (6), 414-421.
- Lima, L., Goní§alves, S., & Pinto, C. (2018). Sudden death in paediatrics as a traumatic experience for critical care nurses. Nursing in Critical Care, 23(1), 42-47.
- Macpherson, C. F. (2008). Peer-supported storytelling for grieving pediatric oncology nurses. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 25 (3), 148-163.
- Martins, M. C., Chaves, C. & Campos, S. (2014). Coping strategies of nurses in terminal ill. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 113, 171-180.
- Papadatou, D., Martinson, I. M., & Chung, P. M. (2001). Caring for dying children: a comparative study of nurses' experiences in Greece and Hong Kong. Cancer Nursing, 24 (5), 402-412.
- Redshaw, S., Harrison, K., Johnson, A., & Chang, E. (2013). Community nurses' perceptions of providing bereavement care. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19 (3), 344-350.
- Rickerson, E. M., Somers, C., Allen, C. M., Lewis, B., Strumpf, N., & Casarett, D. J. (2005). How well are we caring for caregivers? Prevalence of grief-related symptoms and need for bereavement support among long-term care staff. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 30 (3), 227-233.
- Rodrigues, A. B., & Chaves, E. C. (2008). Stressing factors and coping strategies used by oncology nurses. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 16 (1), 24-28.
- Saunders, J., & Valente, S. (1994). Nurses' grief. Cancer Nursing, 17 (4), 318-325.
- Shosha, G. A. (2012). Employment of Colaizzi's strategy in descriptive phenomenology: a reflection of a researcher. European Scientific Journal, 27 (8), 31-43.
- Taubman-Ben-Ari, O., & Weintroub, A. (2008). Meaning in life and personal growth among pediatric physicians and nurses. Death Studies, 32 (7), 621-645.
- Tirelli, D., De Barbieri, I., & Zaggia, C. (2011). Esperienze di lutto negli infermieri di terapia intensiva neonatale dell'Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova: uno studio esplorativo. Giornale Italiano di Scienze Infermieristiche Pediatriche, 3 (3), 80-86.
- Wilson, J., & Kirshbaum, M. (2011). Effects of patient death on nursing staff: a literature review. British journal of nursing, 20 (9), 559-563.
- Zadeh, S., Gamba, N., Hudson, C., & Wiener, L. (2012). Taking care of care providers: a wellness program for pediatric nurses. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 29 (5), 294-299.
- Zander, M., Hutton, A., & King, L. (2010). Coping and resilience factors in pediatric oncology nurses. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 27 (2), 94-108.
- Zou, G., Shen, X., Tian, X., Liu, C., Li, G., Kong, L. & Li, P. (2016). Correlates of psychological di-stress, burnout, and resilience among Chinese female nurses. Industrial Health, 54(5), 389-395
Riferimenti
AIRTUM e AIEOP Working Group (2013). I tumori in Italia - rapporto 2012. I tumori dei bambini e degli adolescenti. Epidemiologia & Prevenzione, 37(1 suppl. 1), 1-296.
Ablett, J. R., Jones, R. S. P. (2007). Resilience and well-being in palliative care staff: a qualitative study of hospice nurses' experience of work. Psycho-Oncology, 16 (8), 733-740.
Akuroma, R., Curran, T., Eye, A. (2016). Coping strategies used by nurses in dealing with patient death and dying. Bachelor's thesis, degree Programme in nursing social services. Health Sport. Retreived from http://theseus.fi/bitstream/handle /10024/123887/Akuroma_Roseline.pdf?sequence=1.
Chang, E. M., Daly, J., Hancock, K. M., Bidewell, J. W., Johnson, A., Lambert, V. A., et al. (2006). The relationships among workplace stressors, coping methods, demographic characteristics, and health in Australian nurses. Journal of Professional Nursing, 22 (1), 30-38.
Conte, T. M. (2011). Pediatric oncology nurse and grief education: a telephone survey. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 28 (2), 93-99.
Costello, J. (2001). Nursing older dying patients; findings from an ethnographic study of death and dying in elderly care wards. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 35 (1), 59-68.
Cullen, A. (1995). Burnout. Why do we blame the nurse? The American Journal of Nursing, 95 (11), 22-27.
De Souza, L. F., Misko, M. D., Silva, L., Poles, K., Dos Santos, M. R., & Bousso, R. S. (2013). Dignified death for children: perceptions of nurses from an oncology unit. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem, 47 (1), 30-37.
Dunne, K. (2004). Grief and its manifestations. Nursing Standard, 18 (45), 45-51.
Ekedahl, M., & Wengstrí¶m, Y. (2006). Nurses in cancer care--coping strategies when encountering existential issues. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 10 (2), 128-139.
Forster, E., & Hafiz, A. (2015). Paediatric death and dying: exploring coping strategies of health professionals and perceptions of support provision. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 21(6), 294-301.
Hecktman, H. M. (2012). Stress in pediatric oncology nurses. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 29 (5), 356-361.
Hinds, P. S., Quargnenti, A. G., Hickey, S. S., & Magnum, G. H. (1994). A comparison of the stress-response sequence in new and experienced pediatric oncology nurses. Cancer Nursing, 17 (1), 61-71.
Hinds, P., Puckett, P., Donohoe, M., Milligan, M., Payne, K., Phipps, S., et al. (1994). The impact of a grief workshop for pediatric oncology nurses on their grief and perceived stress. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 9 (6), 388-397.
Klein, S. D., Bucher, H. U., Hendriks, M. J., Baumann-Hí¶lzle, R., Streuli, J. C., Berger, T. M., Fauchère, J. C. & On Behalf Of The Swiss Neonatal End-Of-Life Study Group (2017). Sources of distress for physicians and nurses working in Swiss neonatal intensive care units. Swiss Medical Weekly, 147, 1-6.
Kpassagou, B. L., & Soedje, K. M. A. (2017). Health practitioners' emotional reactions to caring for hospitalized children in Lomé, Togo: a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research, 17(2), 700.
Kushnir, T., Rabin, S., & Azulai, S. (1997). A descriptive study of stress management in a group of pediatric oncology nurses. Cancer Nursing, 20 (6), 414-421.
Lima, L., Goní§alves, S., & Pinto, C. (2018). Sudden death in paediatrics as a traumatic experience for critical care nurses. Nursing in Critical Care, 23(1), 42-47.
Macpherson, C. F. (2008). Peer-supported storytelling for grieving pediatric oncology nurses. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 25 (3), 148-163.
Martins, M. C., Chaves, C. & Campos, S. (2014). Coping strategies of nurses in terminal ill. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 113, 171-180.
Papadatou, D., Martinson, I. M., & Chung, P. M. (2001). Caring for dying children: a comparative study of nurses' experiences in Greece and Hong Kong. Cancer Nursing, 24 (5), 402-412.
Redshaw, S., Harrison, K., Johnson, A., & Chang, E. (2013). Community nurses' perceptions of providing bereavement care. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19 (3), 344-350.
Rickerson, E. M., Somers, C., Allen, C. M., Lewis, B., Strumpf, N., & Casarett, D. J. (2005). How well are we caring for caregivers? Prevalence of grief-related symptoms and need for bereavement support among long-term care staff. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 30 (3), 227-233.
Rodrigues, A. B., & Chaves, E. C. (2008). Stressing factors and coping strategies used by oncology nurses. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 16 (1), 24-28.
Saunders, J., & Valente, S. (1994). Nurses' grief. Cancer Nursing, 17 (4), 318-325.
Shosha, G. A. (2012). Employment of Colaizzi's strategy in descriptive phenomenology: a reflection of a researcher. European Scientific Journal, 27 (8), 31-43.
Taubman-Ben-Ari, O., & Weintroub, A. (2008). Meaning in life and personal growth among pediatric physicians and nurses. Death Studies, 32 (7), 621-645.
Tirelli, D., De Barbieri, I., & Zaggia, C. (2011). Esperienze di lutto negli infermieri di terapia intensiva neonatale dell'Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova: uno studio esplorativo. Giornale Italiano di Scienze Infermieristiche Pediatriche, 3 (3), 80-86.
Wilson, J., & Kirshbaum, M. (2011). Effects of patient death on nursing staff: a literature review. British journal of nursing, 20 (9), 559-563.
Zadeh, S., Gamba, N., Hudson, C., & Wiener, L. (2012). Taking care of care providers: a wellness program for pediatric nurses. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 29 (5), 294-299.
Zander, M., Hutton, A., & King, L. (2010). Coping and resilience factors in pediatric oncology nurses. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 27 (2), 94-108.
Zou, G., Shen, X., Tian, X., Liu, C., Li, G., Kong, L. & Li, P. (2016). Correlates of psychological di-stress, burnout, and resilience among Chinese female nurses. Industrial Health, 54(5), 389-395