Contenuto dell'articolo principale
Abstract
INTRODUZIONE E SCOPO: Il trapianto d'organi è considerato un trattamento salvavita per pazienti con patologie end-stage. Le conoscenze degli infermieri e le loro opinioni possono influenzare la volontaÌ€ di familiari e pazienti a dare l'assenso alla donazione di organi e tessuti. Lo scopo del presente lavoro è comprendere la capacitaÌ€ critica degli studenti di auto-valutarsi in merito alle informazioni sui temi di morte cerebrale, donazione e trapianto, indagando attra- verso una survey le conoscenze scientifiche, la predisposizione e l'atteggiamento relativi a questi argomenti.
METODO: Lo studio è di tipo multicentrico e trasversale, realizzato attraverso la collaborazione di tre UniversitaÌ€ rispettivamente del Nord, Centro e Sud dell'Italia. EÌ€ stato effettuato un campionamento di convenienza con un disegno descrittivo e quantitativo. Il campione si compone di 578 studenti, con l'esclusione 20 studenti che non hanno dato il loro consenso alla compilazione del questionario.
RISULTATI: La maggior parte degli studenti presenta un livello adeguato di conoscenza e atteg- giamenti favorevoli alla donazione di organi e tessuti, pochissimi hanno firmato la carta del donatore. Inoltre, le conoscenze e le percezioni degli studenti sono ancora carenti in aree speci- fiche, come la comprensione della morte cerebrale (92%) e la conoscenza relativa alle leggi specifiche (solo il 6%).
CONCLUSIONI: Il principale suggerimento tratto dello studio è quello di rivedere i curricula degli studenti in infermieristica, per migliorare le competenze dei futuri infermieri.
PAROLE CHIAVE: conoscenza degli studenti, donazione, formazione infermieri
RIASSUNTO
INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Organ transplantation is considered a life-saving treatment for patients with end-stage pathologies. The knowledge and the attitude of nurses can positively influence the willingness of family members and patients to give consent to organ and conse- quently organ donation rates. To understand the critical capacity of nursing students to self- evaluate themselves on information on brain death, donation and transplantation, investi- gating scientific knowledge, predisposition and attitude related to these topics through a survey.
METHOD: This work is a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out among conveniently selected undergraduate nursing students (n = 578) of three Universities respectively in northern, center and southern of Italy using a questionnaire formulated on the basis of the FAQs prepared by the National Transplant Center (CNT).
RESULTS: Most of students show an adequate level of knowledge and attitudes favorable to organ and tissue donation even if very few students have signed the donor card. Students' knowledge and perceptions are still lacking in specific areas such as legislations (only 6%). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest the need for revising the nursing curricula to improve the future nurses' skills, increase the modality to sign the donor card and favor the rate of organ donation.
KEYWORDS: students' knowledge, donation, education
Dettagli dell'articolo
Riferimenti
- Afshar, R., Sanavi, S., & Rajabi, M. R. (2012). Attitude and Willingness of High School Students toward Organ Donation. Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation, 23(5), 929–933.
- Anker, A., Feeley, T., Friedman, E., & Kruegler, J. (2009). Teaching organ and tissue donation in medical and nursing education: a needs assessment. Prog Transplant,
- (4), 343–348.
- Benciolini, P., & Arseni, A. (2007). Cultura della donazione e
- trapianti. Esperienze formative con studenti universitari.
- Trapianti, 11(3), 136–141.
- Bener, A., El-shoubaki, H., & Al-maslamani, Y. (2008). Do We
- Need To Maximize the Knowledge and Attitude Level of Physicians and Nurses Toward Organ Donation and Transplant? Experimental and Clinical Transplantation, 4, 249–253.
- Centro Nazionale Trapianti. (2018). Report 2018, Attivití di donazione & trapianto di organi, tessuti e cellule staminali emopoietiche.
- Demir, T., Selimen, D., Yildirim, M., & Kucuk, H. F. (2011). Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Organ / Tissue Donation and Transplantation Among Health Care Professionals Working in Organ Transplantation or Dialysis Units. Transplantation Proceedings, 43, 1425– 1428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.01.167
- Feeley, T. H. (2007). College Students ' Knowledge , Attitudes , and Behaviors Regarding Organ Donation : An Integrated Review of the Literature. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37(2), 243–271.
- Kent, B., & Owens, R. G. (1995). Conflicting attitudes to corneal and organ donation: a study of nurses ' attitudes to organ donation. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 32(95), 484–492.
- Kim, J. R., Fisher, M., & Elliott, D. (2006). Knowledge levels of Korean intensive care nurses towards brain death and organ transplantation. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 15(5), 574–80.
- Lizzola, I., & Ceruti, M. (2010). Trapianti d'organo: dimensioni esistenziali ed etiche. Trapianti, 10(2), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1709/138.1526
- Mcglade, D., Mcclenahan, C., & Pierscionek, B. (2014). Pro- Donation Behaviours of Nursing Students from the Four Countries of the UK. Plos One, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091405
- Mcglade, D., & Pierscionek, B. (2013). Can education alter attitudes , behaviour and knowledge about organ donation ? A pretest – post-test study. BMJ Open, 3, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003961
- Mekahli, D., Liutkus, A., Fargue, S., Ranchin, B., & Cochat, P. (2009). Survey of First-Year Medical Students to Assess Their Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Organ Transplantation and Donation. Transplantation Proceedings, 41, 634–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. transproceed.2008.12.011
- Neuberger, J. (2012). Rationing life-saving resources – how should allocation policies be assessed in solid organ transplantation. Transplant International, 25, 3–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-2277.2011.01327.x
- Rithalia, A., Mcdaid, C., Suekarran, S., Myers, L., & Sowden, A. (2009). Impact of presumed consent for organ donation on donation. BMJ, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1136 /bmj.a3162
- Rithalia, A., Mcdaid, C., Suekarran, S., Norman, G., Myers, L., & Sowden, A. (2009). A systematic review of presumed consent systems for deceased organ donation. Health Technology Assessment, 13(26). https://doi.org/ 10.3310/hta13260
- Shanmugarajah, K., Villani, V., Madariaga, M. L., Shalhoub, J., & Michel, S. G. (2014). Current progress in public health models addressing the critical organ shortage. International
- Journal of Surgery, 12, 1363–1368.
- Siminoff, L. A., Gordon, N., Hewlett, J., & Arnold, R. M.
- (2001). Factors Influencing Families ' Consent for Donation of Solid Organs for Transplantation. JAMA, 286(1), 71–77.
- Simpkin, A. L., Robertson, L. C., Barber, V. S., & Young, D. J. (2009). Modifiable factors influencing relatives ' decision to offer organ donation : systematic review. BMJ, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b991
- Stadlbauer, V., Steiner, P., Schweiger, M., Sereinigg, M., Tscheliessnigg, K., Freidl, W., & Stiegler, P. (2013).
- Knowledge and attitude of ICU nurses , students and patients towards the Austrian organ donation law. BMC Medical Ethics, 14(32), 1–9.
- Wakefield, C. E.-, Watts, K. J., Homewood, J., & Siminoff, L. A. (2010). Attitudes toward organ donation and donor behavior : a review of the international literature. Progress in Transplantation, 20(4), 380–391.
- Zampieron, A., Corso, M., & Frigo,
- Undergraduate nursing students ' attitudes towards organ donation : a survey in an Italian university. International Nursing Review, 57, 370–376.
Riferimenti
Afshar, R., Sanavi, S., & Rajabi, M. R. (2012). Attitude and Willingness of High School Students toward Organ Donation. Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation, 23(5), 929–933.
Anker, A., Feeley, T., Friedman, E., & Kruegler, J. (2009). Teaching organ and tissue donation in medical and nursing education: a needs assessment. Prog Transplant,
(4), 343–348.
Benciolini, P., & Arseni, A. (2007). Cultura della donazione e
trapianti. Esperienze formative con studenti universitari.
Trapianti, 11(3), 136–141.
Bener, A., El-shoubaki, H., & Al-maslamani, Y. (2008). Do We
Need To Maximize the Knowledge and Attitude Level of Physicians and Nurses Toward Organ Donation and Transplant? Experimental and Clinical Transplantation, 4, 249–253.
Centro Nazionale Trapianti. (2018). Report 2018, Attivití di donazione & trapianto di organi, tessuti e cellule staminali emopoietiche.
Demir, T., Selimen, D., Yildirim, M., & Kucuk, H. F. (2011). Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Organ / Tissue Donation and Transplantation Among Health Care Professionals Working in Organ Transplantation or Dialysis Units. Transplantation Proceedings, 43, 1425– 1428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.01.167
Feeley, T. H. (2007). College Students ' Knowledge , Attitudes , and Behaviors Regarding Organ Donation : An Integrated Review of the Literature. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37(2), 243–271.
Kent, B., & Owens, R. G. (1995). Conflicting attitudes to corneal and organ donation: a study of nurses ' attitudes to organ donation. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 32(95), 484–492.
Kim, J. R., Fisher, M., & Elliott, D. (2006). Knowledge levels of Korean intensive care nurses towards brain death and organ transplantation. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 15(5), 574–80.
Lizzola, I., & Ceruti, M. (2010). Trapianti d'organo: dimensioni esistenziali ed etiche. Trapianti, 10(2), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1709/138.1526
Mcglade, D., Mcclenahan, C., & Pierscionek, B. (2014). Pro- Donation Behaviours of Nursing Students from the Four Countries of the UK. Plos One, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091405
Mcglade, D., & Pierscionek, B. (2013). Can education alter attitudes , behaviour and knowledge about organ donation ? A pretest – post-test study. BMJ Open, 3, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003961
Mekahli, D., Liutkus, A., Fargue, S., Ranchin, B., & Cochat, P. (2009). Survey of First-Year Medical Students to Assess Their Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Organ Transplantation and Donation. Transplantation Proceedings, 41, 634–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. transproceed.2008.12.011
Neuberger, J. (2012). Rationing life-saving resources – how should allocation policies be assessed in solid organ transplantation. Transplant International, 25, 3–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-2277.2011.01327.x
Rithalia, A., Mcdaid, C., Suekarran, S., Myers, L., & Sowden, A. (2009). Impact of presumed consent for organ donation on donation. BMJ, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1136 /bmj.a3162
Rithalia, A., Mcdaid, C., Suekarran, S., Norman, G., Myers, L., & Sowden, A. (2009). A systematic review of presumed consent systems for deceased organ donation. Health Technology Assessment, 13(26). https://doi.org/ 10.3310/hta13260
Shanmugarajah, K., Villani, V., Madariaga, M. L., Shalhoub, J., & Michel, S. G. (2014). Current progress in public health models addressing the critical organ shortage. International
Journal of Surgery, 12, 1363–1368.
Siminoff, L. A., Gordon, N., Hewlett, J., & Arnold, R. M.
(2001). Factors Influencing Families ' Consent for Donation of Solid Organs for Transplantation. JAMA, 286(1), 71–77.
Simpkin, A. L., Robertson, L. C., Barber, V. S., & Young, D. J. (2009). Modifiable factors influencing relatives ' decision to offer organ donation : systematic review. BMJ, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b991
Stadlbauer, V., Steiner, P., Schweiger, M., Sereinigg, M., Tscheliessnigg, K., Freidl, W., & Stiegler, P. (2013).
Knowledge and attitude of ICU nurses , students and patients towards the Austrian organ donation law. BMC Medical Ethics, 14(32), 1–9.
Wakefield, C. E.-, Watts, K. J., Homewood, J., & Siminoff, L. A. (2010). Attitudes toward organ donation and donor behavior : a review of the international literature. Progress in Transplantation, 20(4), 380–391.
Zampieron, A., Corso, M., & Frigo,
Undergraduate nursing students ' attitudes towards organ donation : a survey in an Italian university. International Nursing Review, 57, 370–376.