Contenuto dell'articolo principale
Abstract
RIASSUNTO
In letteratura il cattivo stato della dentatura nei disabili per ritardo intellettivo è la condizione secondaria che risulta tra le principali cause di limitazione delle attivití quotidiane quali difficoltí nell'alimentazione, impedimenti nel parlare, dolore, disturbi del sonno, perdita di capacití operativa e diminuzione dell'autostima. Lo studio si propone di produrre informazioni sullo stato della dentatura dell'utenza disabile con ritardo intellettivo che afferisce ai Centri Diurni. E' stato adottato un disegno descrittivo di relazioni tra variabili, con campionamento trasversale sistematico costituito da 65 soggetti - disabili mentali - di etí compresa tra 19 e 44 anni con gruppo caso-controllo reclutato con criterio di convenienza (volontari) costituito da 60 soggetti non disabili, comparabile per variabili personali. La rilevazione dei dati e la misura dello stato di salute sono stati ottenuti con la messa a punto di due strumenti: 1) Griglia di osservazione della dentatura con scala di valutazione delle alterazioni; b) Griglia di uguale contenuto ma con auto-valutazione per gruppo di controllo. I risultati evidenziano una significativa differenza nel numero medio di denti mancanti (9,2) nel campione con disabilití intellettiva in comparazione con il dato medio (2,3) nel gruppo controllo. Tuttavia, la media di 9.2 denti mancanti del campione locale italiano è migliore del dato internazionale di confronto e cioè 12,3 e 12 rispettivamente per soggetti disabili e controllo (Owens, 2006).
Parole chiave: Ritardo mentale, disabilití intellettiva, salute dentale, masticazione.
ABSTRACT Impaired dental status in the mentally retarded is one of the principal secondary conditions limiting daily activities such as eating and talking , causing pain, loss of sleep and function and low self-esteem. Little information is available regarding the dental status of the mentally retarded disable attending day centers in Italy. The aim of this study was to provide such information, enrolling 6 day centers in the Veneto region comprising a total number of 65 mentally retarded subjects aged between 19 and 44 years of age. Data were collected using 2 different instuments. Results showed a significantly higher number of teeth missing in the mentally disabled (9.2) in comparison to the control group (2.3) , although this figure is lower than the international one.
Key words: Mental retardation, intellectual disability, oral health, mastication.
Dettagli dell'articolo
Riferimenti
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- Allison P.J., Lawrence, H.P., (2005, December) Validity of an instrument assessing oral health problems in people with Down syndrome. Community Dental Health, 22(4): 224-30. PMID 16379160
- Allison P.J., Peyron, M.A., Faye, M., Hennequin, M., (2004, Spring) Video evaluation for mastication validation in persons with Down syndrome. Dysphagia, 19(2): 95-9, PMID: 15382797
- Altabet, S., Rogers, K., Imes, E., Boatman, I.M., Moncier, J., (2003). Comprehensive approach toward improving oral hygiene at a state residential facility for people with mental retardation. Mental Retardation, 41(6): 440-5.
- Axelsson, P., Nystrom, B., Linde, J., (2004, September). The long-term effect of plaque control program on tooth mortality, caries and periodontal disease in adults. Results after 30 years of maintenance. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 31(9): 749-57. PMID 15312097
- Bernal, C., (2005, Febrary). Maintenance of oral health in people with learning disabilities. Nursing times, 101(6): 40-2. CINHAL AN: 2005056241
- Chadwick, D.D., Jolliffe, J., Goldbart, J., Burton, M.H., (2006, June). Barriers to caregivers compliance with eating and drinking recommendations for adults with intellectual disabilities and dysphagia. Journal of applied research in Intellectual Disabilities, 19(2): 153-162
- Chalmers, J., Pearson, A., (2005, Febrary) Oral hygiene care for residents with dementia: a literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 52(4): 410-419
- Chaushu, S., Yefe Nof, E., Becker, A., Shapira, J., Chaushu, G., (2003, Febrary). Parotid salivary immunoglobulins, recurrent respiratory tract infections and gengival health in institutionalized and non- institutionalized subjects with Down's syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research; 47(2): 101-7. PMID: 12542575
- Corbin, S.B., Malina, K., Shepherd, S., (2005). Special Olympics World Summer Games 2003; Healthy Athletes Screening Data Washington, DC: Special Olympics, Inc.
- Cumella, S., Ransford, N., Lyons, J., Burnham, H., (2000, Febrary). Needs of oral care among people with intellectual disability not in contact with Community Dental Services. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research,44(1): 45-52. PMID 10711649
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- Durham, T.M., King, T., Salinas, T., Franco, T., Ross, J., (2006, January- Febrary) Dental Implants in edentulous adults with cognitive disabilities: a report of a pilot project. Special Care in Dentistry, 26(1): 40-6. PMID: 16703934
- Faulks, D., Hennequin, M., (2000, September- October). Evaluation of a long term oral health program by carers of children and adults with intellectual disabilities. Special Care in Dentistry, 20(5): 199-208. PMID 11203899
- Feldman, C.A., Giniger, M., Sanders, M., Saporito, R., Zohn, H.K., Perlman, S.P., (2005) Special Olympics, special smiles: assessing the feasibility of epidemiologic data collection. Journal of the American Dental Association, 136(7): 903-912
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- Gabre, P., Martinsson, T., Gahnberg, L., (1999, Febrary). Incidence of, and reasons for, tooth mortality among mentally retarded adults during a 10-year period. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 57(1): 55-61. PMID 10207537
- Gabre, P., Martinsson, T., Gahnberg, L., (2001, Febrary). Longitudinal study of dental caries, tooth mortality and interproximal bone loss in adults with intellectuall disability. European Journal Of Oral Sciences, 109(1): 20-6. PMID 11330930
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- Glassman, P., Miller, C., Ingraham, R., Woolford, E., (2004, May) The extraordinary vulnerability of people with disabilities: guidelines for oral health professionals. Journal of California Dental Association, 32(5): 379-86. PMID 15253459
- Gottschalck, T., Dassen, T., Zimmer, S., (2003, October). Assessment scales for nursing assessment of the mouth. A literature review. Pflege, 16(5): 273-82. PMID: 14619219
- Gravestock, S., (2000, December) Eating disorders in adults with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities Research, 44(6): 625-37.PMID: 11115017
- Hennequin, M., Allison, P.J., Faulks, D., Orliaguet, T., Feine, J., (2005, November) Chewing indicators between adults with Down Syndrome and controls. Journal of Dentistry Research, 84(11): 1057-61 PMID: 16246941
- Hulland, S., Sigal, M.J., (2000, July-Agost) Hospital –based dental care for persons with disabilities: a study of patient selection criteria. Special Care in Dentistry, 20(4): 131-8. PMID 11203888
- Ishigaki, S., Kurozuni, T., Morishige, E., Yatani, H., (2006, June) Occlusal interference during matication can cause pathological tooth mobility. Journal of Periodontal Research, 41(3): 189-92
- Jansen, D.E., Krol, B., Groothoff, J.W., Post, D., (2004, Febrary). People with intellectual disability and their problems: a review of comparative studies. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities Research, 48(2): 93-102. PMID 14723652
- Joynt, (1992). Mental retardation. Clinical Neurology, 55: 28
- Karjalainen, S., Vanhamaki, M., Kanto, D., Kossi, L., Sewon, L., Salo, M., (2002, Gennaio). Long-term physical inactivity and oral health in Finnish adults with intellectual disability. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 60(1): 50-5. PMID 11902613
- Lange, B., Cook, C., Dunning, D., Froeschle, M.L., Kent, D., (2000, Summer) Improving the oral Hygiene of institutionalized mentally retarded clients. Journal of Dental Hygiene, 74: 205-209. PMID: 11314640
- Lindemann, R., Zaschel-Grob, D., Opp, S., Lewis, M.A., Lewis,C., (2001) Oral health status of adults from a California regional center for developmental disabilities. Special Care in Dentistry, 21(1): 9-14. PMID 11795453
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- Lucchese, C., Checchi, L., (1998, Ottobre). The oral status in mentally retarded institutionalized patients. Minerva Stomatologia, 47(19): 499-502. PMID 9866962
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- McGrath, C., Bedi, R., (2004, May) A national study of importance of oral health to life quality to inform scales of oral health related quality of life. Quality Life Research, 13(4): 813-8. PMID15129891
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- Pilcher, E.S., (2001, November) Treating the patient with Down syndrome. Journal Contemp Dent Pract., 2(4): 58
- Prater, C.D., Zylstra, R.G., (2006, Giugno). Medical care of adults with mental retardation. American Family Physician, 73(12): 2175-83. PMDI 16836033
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- Reid B.C., Chenette, R., Macek, M.D., (2003). Prevalence and predictors of untreated caries and oral pain among Special Olympic athletes. Special Care in Dentistry, 23: 129-142
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- Ruddick, L., (2005, November). Health of people with intellectual disabilities: a review of factors influencing access to health care. Journal of Healthy Phychology, 10(4): 559-70. PMID 16238865
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Riferimenti
Allison P.J., Hennequin M., (2000, September) The oral assessment in Down syndrome questionnaire (OADS) : development of an instrument to evaluate oral health problems in individuals with Down syndrome. Community Dental Health, 17(3): 172-9.
Allison P.J., Lawrence, H.P., (2005, December) Validity of an instrument assessing oral health problems in people with Down syndrome. Community Dental Health, 22(4): 224-30. PMID 16379160
Allison P.J., Peyron, M.A., Faye, M., Hennequin, M., (2004, Spring) Video evaluation for mastication validation in persons with Down syndrome. Dysphagia, 19(2): 95-9, PMID: 15382797
Altabet, S., Rogers, K., Imes, E., Boatman, I.M., Moncier, J., (2003). Comprehensive approach toward improving oral hygiene at a state residential facility for people with mental retardation. Mental Retardation, 41(6): 440-5.
Axelsson, P., Nystrom, B., Linde, J., (2004, September). The long-term effect of plaque control program on tooth mortality, caries and periodontal disease in adults. Results after 30 years of maintenance. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 31(9): 749-57. PMID 15312097
Bernal, C., (2005, Febrary). Maintenance of oral health in people with learning disabilities. Nursing times, 101(6): 40-2. CINHAL AN: 2005056241
Chadwick, D.D., Jolliffe, J., Goldbart, J., Burton, M.H., (2006, June). Barriers to caregivers compliance with eating and drinking recommendations for adults with intellectual disabilities and dysphagia. Journal of applied research in Intellectual Disabilities, 19(2): 153-162
Chalmers, J., Pearson, A., (2005, Febrary) Oral hygiene care for residents with dementia: a literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 52(4): 410-419
Chaushu, S., Yefe Nof, E., Becker, A., Shapira, J., Chaushu, G., (2003, Febrary). Parotid salivary immunoglobulins, recurrent respiratory tract infections and gengival health in institutionalized and non- institutionalized subjects with Down's syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research; 47(2): 101-7. PMID: 12542575
Corbin, S.B., Malina, K., Shepherd, S., (2005). Special Olympics World Summer Games 2003; Healthy Athletes Screening Data Washington, DC: Special Olympics, Inc.
Cumella, S., Ransford, N., Lyons, J., Burnham, H., (2000, Febrary). Needs of oral care among people with intellectual disability not in contact with Community Dental Services. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research,44(1): 45-52. PMID 10711649
Dogan, M.C., Alacam, A., Asici, N., Odabas, M., Seydaoglu, G., (2004). Clinical evaluation of the plaque-removing ability of three different toothbrushes in a mentally disabled group. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 62: 350-354.
Donnell, D.O., Sheiham, A., Wai, Y-K., (2002, November-December) Dental findings in 4- 14, and 25- to 35 years-old Hong Kong residents with mental retardation and physical disabilities. Special care in dentistry, 22(6): 231-4. PMID: 12790232
Durham, T.M., King, T., Salinas, T., Franco, T., Ross, J., (2006, January- Febrary) Dental Implants in edentulous adults with cognitive disabilities: a report of a pilot project. Special Care in Dentistry, 26(1): 40-6. PMID: 16703934
Faulks, D., Hennequin, M., (2000, September- October). Evaluation of a long term oral health program by carers of children and adults with intellectual disabilities. Special Care in Dentistry, 20(5): 199-208. PMID 11203899
Feldman, C.A., Giniger, M., Sanders, M., Saporito, R., Zohn, H.K., Perlman, S.P., (2005) Special Olympics, special smiles: assessing the feasibility of epidemiologic data collection. Journal of the American Dental Association, 136(7): 903-912
Foster, K.D., Woda, A., Peyron, M.A., (2006, June) Effect of texture of plastic and elastic model foods on the parameters of mastication. Journal of Neurophysiology, 95(6): 3469-79. PMID: 16709719
Gabre, P., (2000). Studies on oral health in mentally retarded adults. Swedish Dental Journal Supplement, (142): 1-48. PMID 11204135
Gabre, P., Martinsson, T., Gahnberg, L., (1999, Febrary). Incidence of, and reasons for, tooth mortality among mentally retarded adults during a 10-year period. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 57(1): 55-61. PMID 10207537
Gabre, P., Martinsson, T., Gahnberg, L., (2001, Febrary). Longitudinal study of dental caries, tooth mortality and interproximal bone loss in adults with intellectuall disability. European Journal Of Oral Sciences, 109(1): 20-6. PMID 11330930
Gabre, P., Martinsson, T., Gahnberg,. L., (2002). Move of adults with intellectual disability from institutions to community-based living: changes of food arrangements and oral health. Swedish Dental Journal, 26(2): 81-8. PMID 12462876
Girimaji, S.C., (2000, May). Commorbidity of mental retardation and affective disorders. Journal of Indian Med Association, 98(5): 245, 248-9. PMID: 11002623
Glassman, P., Anderson, M., Jacobsen, P., Schonfeld, S., Weintraub, J., White, A., Gall, T., Hammersmark, S., Isman, R., Miller, C.E., Noel, D., Silverstein, S., Young, D., (2003, a). Practical protocols for the prevention of dental disease in community settings for people with special needs: the protocols. Special Care in Dentistry, 23(5): 160-4 PMID: 14965179
Glassman, P., Miller, C., (2003, b). Dental disease prevention and people with special needs. Journal of California Dental Association, 31(2):149-60. PMID: 12636320
Glassman, P., Miller, C., Ingraham, R., Woolford, E., (2004, May) The extraordinary vulnerability of people with disabilities: guidelines for oral health professionals. Journal of California Dental Association, 32(5): 379-86. PMID 15253459
Gottschalck, T., Dassen, T., Zimmer, S., (2003, October). Assessment scales for nursing assessment of the mouth. A literature review. Pflege, 16(5): 273-82. PMID: 14619219
Gravestock, S., (2000, December) Eating disorders in adults with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities Research, 44(6): 625-37.PMID: 11115017
Hennequin, M., Allison, P.J., Faulks, D., Orliaguet, T., Feine, J., (2005, November) Chewing indicators between adults with Down Syndrome and controls. Journal of Dentistry Research, 84(11): 1057-61 PMID: 16246941
Hulland, S., Sigal, M.J., (2000, July-Agost) Hospital –based dental care for persons with disabilities: a study of patient selection criteria. Special Care in Dentistry, 20(4): 131-8. PMID 11203888
Ishigaki, S., Kurozuni, T., Morishige, E., Yatani, H., (2006, June) Occlusal interference during matication can cause pathological tooth mobility. Journal of Periodontal Research, 41(3): 189-92
Jansen, D.E., Krol, B., Groothoff, J.W., Post, D., (2004, Febrary). People with intellectual disability and their problems: a review of comparative studies. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities Research, 48(2): 93-102. PMID 14723652
Joynt, (1992). Mental retardation. Clinical Neurology, 55: 28
Karjalainen, S., Vanhamaki, M., Kanto, D., Kossi, L., Sewon, L., Salo, M., (2002, Gennaio). Long-term physical inactivity and oral health in Finnish adults with intellectual disability. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 60(1): 50-5. PMID 11902613
Lange, B., Cook, C., Dunning, D., Froeschle, M.L., Kent, D., (2000, Summer) Improving the oral Hygiene of institutionalized mentally retarded clients. Journal of Dental Hygiene, 74: 205-209. PMID: 11314640
Lindemann, R., Zaschel-Grob, D., Opp, S., Lewis, M.A., Lewis,C., (2001) Oral health status of adults from a California regional center for developmental disabilities. Special Care in Dentistry, 21(1): 9-14. PMID 11795453
Long, S.K., Coughlin, T.A., Kendall, S.J., (2002, summer) Access to care among disabled adults on Medicaid. Health Care Financ Review, 23(4): 159-73. PMID 12500477
Lucchese, C., Checchi, L., (1998, Ottobre). The oral status in mentally retarded institutionalized patients. Minerva Stomatologia, 47(19): 499-502. PMID 9866962
Marcenes, W., Steele, J.G., Sheiham, A., Walls, A.W., (2003, June). The relationship between dental status, food selection, nutrient intake, nutritional status, and body mass index in older people. Cad Saude Publica, 19(3): 809-816. PMID: 12806483
McGrath, C., Bedi, R., (2001, September) An evaluation of a new measure of oral health related quality of life--OHQoL-UK(W). Community Dental Health, 18(3):138-43. PMID: 11580088
McGrath, C., Bedi, R., (2003, Spring) Measuring the impact of oral health on quality of life in Britain using OHQoL- UK(W). Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 63(2): 73-7. PMID: 12816136
McGrath, C., Bedi, R., (2004, May) A national study of importance of oral health to life quality to inform scales of oral health related quality of life. Quality Life Research, 13(4): 813-8. PMID15129891
Owens, P.L., Kerker, B.D., Zigler, E., Horwitz, S.M., (2006, Genuary). Vision and oral health needs individuals with intellectual disability. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 12(1): 28-40.
Pereira, L.J., Duarte Gaviao, M.B., Van Der Bilt, A., (2006, Augost) Influence of oral characteristics and food products on masticatory function. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 64(4): 193-201. PMID: 16829493
Pezzementi, M.L., Fisher, M.A., (2005, July). Oral health status of people with intellectual disabilities in the southeastern United States. Journal of the American Dental Association, 136(7): 903-12. CINAHL AN: 2009071457.
Pilcher, E.S., (2001, November) Treating the patient with Down syndrome. Journal Contemp Dent Pract., 2(4): 58
Prater, C.D., Zylstra, R.G., (2006, Giugno). Medical care of adults with mental retardation. American Family Physician, 73(12): 2175-83. PMDI 16836033
Read, S., (2005, January) Learning disabilities and palliative care: recognizing pitfalls and exploring potential. Journal of Palliative Nursing, 11(1): 15-20. PMID 15750526
Reid B.C., Chenette, R., Macek, M.D., (2003). Prevalence and predictors of untreated caries and oral pain among Special Olympic athletes. Special Care in Dentistry, 23: 129-142
Rodriguez Vazquez, C., Garcillon, R., Rioboo, R., Bratos, E., (2002, March). Prevalence of dental caries in an adult population with mental disabilities in Spain. Special Care in Dentistry, 22(2): 65-69. PMID: 12109597
Ruddick, L., (2005, November). Health of people with intellectual disabilities: a review of factors influencing access to health care. Journal of Healthy Phychology, 10(4): 559-70. PMID 16238865
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Web site: www.paoleschi.it/paoleschi/denti ; pubblicato 28 agosto 2005
Legge Regionale 22/2002: "Autorizzazione e accreditamento delle strutture socio-sanitarie, sanitarie e sociali del Veneto".