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Abstract

Within the context of evidence-informed decision making, health care professionals are critical consumers of research evidence. Clinician scientists, including nurse researchers, play a central role in producing this research evidence to inform and improve health practice, education, and policy. Health research is commonly conducted within one of three different paradigms: quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods. Each research approach is underpinned with unique philosophic assumptions, methods, and rhetoric. The evidence produced within each paradigm is necessary to provide health care decision-makers with information about the complex, and intrinsically diverse, human experiences of health and illness. Qualitative health research has been defined as a discipline, which has its roots in qualitative research and yet is unique in its focus, methods, and rules. The focus of qualitative health research is to describe, explore, and explain the health-illness continuum and issues specific to health services or policy contexts. Research designs unique to conducting qualitative health research include qualitative description, interpretive description, focused ethnography, and case study. Each qualitative health research design helps to logically and pragmatically determine the appropriate methods to use to: 1) define a purposeful sample; 2) identify appropriate strategies for data collection; 3) rigorously apply analytic techniques to the gathered data; and 4) present valid findings. In health, qualitative studies are often an integral component of program evaluations to identify and describe contextual factors related to individuals, teams, organizations or social structures that inhibit or facilitate the successful adoption, implementation and delivery of an intervention or program. Findings from qualitative studies can also inform the development of theoretically and contextually relevant assessment tools that can be used in practice.

Keywords: Research Methodology, Qualitative Research, Qualitative Health Research, Research Design

Un'introduzione alla ricerca sanitaria qualitativa

Nel contesto dell'evidence informed decision making, i professionisti della salute sono utilizzatori critici di evidence. I ricercatori clinici, inclusi i ricercatori infermieristici, hanno un ruolo centrale nel produrre queste evidence per informare e migliorare la pratica clinica, la formazione e le politiche sanitarie. La ricerca sanitaria è generalmente condotta con uno dei tre diversi paradigmi: quantitativo, qualitativo o misto. Ogni approccio di ricerca è sostenuto da dei propri presupposti filosofici, dai propri metodi e dalla propria retorica. Le evidence prodotte attraverso ciascun paradigma sono necessarie per fornire a chi prende decisioni evidence informed nell'ambito della salute, informazioni circa la complessa, ed intrinsecamente diversa, esperienza umana di salute e malattia. La ricerca sanitaria qualitativa è stata definita come una disciplina, che ha le sue radici nella ricerca qualitativa eppure è unica nel suo focus, nei metodi e nelle regole. Il focus specifico della ricerca sanitaria qualitativa è quello di descrivere, esplorare e spiegare il continuum salute-malattia e argomenti specifici al contesto dei servizi alla salute e delle politiche sanitarie. I disegni di ricerca specifici per la conduzione di ricerca sanitaria qualitativa includono: qualitative description, interpretive description, focused ethnography e case study. Ogni disegno di ricerca sanitaria aiuta a determinare logicamente e pragmaticamente i metodi appropriati da utilizzare per: 1) definire un campionamento propositivo; 2) identificare strategie appropriate per la raccolta dati; 3) applicare ai dati raccolti rigorose tecniche analitiche; 4) presentare risultati valide. In sanití , gli studi qualitativi sono spesso una parte integrale della valutazione delle politiche, per identificare e descrivere fattori contestuali legati a individui, team, organizzazioni o strutture sociali che agiscono come barriere o facilitatori per un'adozione, implementazione o erogazione di un intervento o programma. I risultati derivanti da studi qualitativi possono inoltre informare lo sviluppo di strumenti di valutazione rilevanti teoreticamente e contestualmente che possono essere utilizzati nella pratica.

Parole Chiave: Metodologia della ricerca, Ricerca Qualitativa, Ricerca Sanitaria Qualitativa, Disegni di Ricerca"ƒ

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Luciani, M., Jack, S. M., Campbell, K., Orr, E., Durepos, P., Li, L., Strachan, P., & Di Mauro, S. (2019). An Introduction to Qualitative Health Research - Un’introduzione alla ricerca sanitaria qualitativa. PROFESSIONI INFERMIERISTICHE, 72(1). Recuperato da https://www.profinf.net/pro3/index.php/IN/article/view/591
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