Contenuto dell'articolo principale
Abstract
SCOPO: Obiettivo di questo studio è quello di esplorare la letteratura in merito all'impatto che possano avere i disturbi del sonno sul livello di fragilití dell'anziano, e, viceversa, la possibile correlazione tra il livello di fragilití rilevato ed eventuale alterazione del sonno stesso.
METODO: E' stata condotta una revisione narrativa. La ricerca si è avvalsa delle banche dati MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, Cinahl. Sono stati inclusi studi di coorte osservazionali prospettici, trasversali, retrospettivi, pubblicati dal 2000 al 2015. La valutazione critica di qualití è stata condotta utilizzando lo STROBE statement.
RISULTATI: Dall'analisi della letteratura condotta, si includono 8 studi. Crescenti prove di efficacia esitano nel definire una possibile correlazione biunivoca tra la fragilití dell'anziano e una scarsa qualití del sonno, eccesso di ore diurne dormite e ridotta efficacia nel riposo. Potenziali esiti di grande impatto, derivanti da alterazioni del sonno nell'anziano, si possono osservare nella mortalití , stato depressivo e alterazione dell'autonomia funzionale. CONCLUSIONI: Interventi sul ritmo circadiano potrebbero avere implicazioni cliniche rilevanti sull'anziano fragile. L'interesse infermieristico dovrebbe orientarsi all'utilizzo di strumenti validati, al fine di evidenziare i prodromi di eventuali disturbi del sonno, con lo scopo di posticipare od ovviare agli outcomes derivanti. La pianificazione di attivití determinanti stimoli, al fine di agevolare momenti di aggregazione, non farebbe altro che incentivare il desiderio di appartenenza, fungendo da sollecitazione cognitiva continua.
Parole Chiave: Anziano fragile, Disturbi del sonno, etí avanzata abstract AIM:
Sleep disorders and frailty status in older people: a narrative review
Abstract
AIM: The aim of this study is to review the impact of sleep-related disorders on the level of elder frailty, and, conversely, the possible correlation between the level of fragility detected and eventually related poor sleep.
METHOD: A narrative review have been conducted. Comprehensive database searches of MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, Cinahl were undertaken. Both prospective, cross selectional and retrospective observational cohort studies, published from 2000 to 2015, have been included. Appraisal and analysis using the STROBE statement have been undertaken.
RESULTS: 8 studies are included. Increasing evidence supports possible bidirectional correlation between elder frailty and poor sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness and decreased sleep efficiency. Potential outcomes relevant to these sleep disorders in old age include mortality, depression and altered functional autonomy.
CONCLUSION: Interventions on the circadian rhythm could have significant clinical implications in the frail elderly. The nursing interest should be geared to the use of validated tools, in order to detect the first signs of any sleeping disorder, in order to postpone or overcome the outcomes derived. The planning of stimulating activities, to facilitate moments of aggregation, would only increase the desire of belonging, as continuous cognitive stimulation.
Keywords: Frail Elderly, Sleep Wake Disorders, Aged
Dettagli dell'articolo
Riferimenti
- Abolfotouh, M., Daffallah, A., Khan, M., Khattab, M., & Abdulmoneim, I. (2001). Psychosocial assessment of geriatric subjects in Abha City, Saudi Arabia. Eastern Mediterranenan Health Journal , 7 (3), 481-91.
- Badran, M., Yassin, B., Fox, N., Laher, I., & Ayas, N. (2015). Epidemiology of Sleep Disturbances and Cardiovascular Consequences. The Canadian Journal of Cardiology , 31 (7), 873-9.
- Berlin, R. (1984). Management of insomnia in hospitalized patients. Annals of Internal Medicine , 100 (3), 398-404.
- Bherer, L. (2015). Cognitive plasticity in older adults: effects of cognitive training and physical exercise. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , 1337, 1-6.
- Buysse, D., Reynolds, C., Monk, T., Berman, S., & Kupfer, D. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - A New Instrument For Psychiatric Practice And Research. Psychiatry Research , 28, 193-213.
- Chen, X., Mao, G., & Leng, S. (2014). Frailty syndrome: an overview Clinical Interventions in Aging 2014:9 433–441. Clinical Interventions in Aging , 9, 433–441.
- Cochen, V., Arbus, C., Soto, M., Villars, H., Tiberge, M., Montemayor, T., et al. (2009). Sleep disorders and their impacts on healthy, dependent, and frail older adults. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging , 13 (4), 322-9.
- Department of Economic and Social Affairs, P. D. (2007). World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision, Highlights,. In U. Nations (A cura di). New York.
- Endeshaw, Y., Unruh, M., Kutner, M., Newman, A., & Bliwise, D. (2009). Sleep-disordered Breathing and Frailty in the Cardiovascular Health Study Cohort. American Journal of Epidemiology , 170 (2), 193-202.
- Ensrud, K., Blackwell, T., Ancoli-Israel, S., Redline, S., Cawthon, P., Paudel, M., et al. (2012). For the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Group, Sleep Disturbances and Risk of Frailty and Mortality in Older Men. Sleep Medicine , 13 (10), 1217-25.
- Ensrud, K., Blackwell, T., Redline, S., Ancoli-Israel, S., Paudel, M., Cawthon, P., et al. (2009). Sleep Disturbances and Frailty Status in Older Community-Dwelling Men. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 57 (11), 2085–2093.
- Folstein, M., Folstein, S., & McHugh, P. ( 1975 ). "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Reserarch , 12 (3), 189-98.
- Fried, L., Tangen, C., J, W., & al., e. (2001). Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. JGerontolA BiolSciMedSci , 56 (3), M146–M156.
- Frighetto, L., Marra, C., Bandali, S., Wilbur, K., & Naumann, T. (2004). An assessment of quality of sleep and the use of drugs with sedating properties in hospitalized adult patients. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes , 2 (17).
- Gooneratne, N., Richards, K., Joffe, M., Lam, R., Pack, F., Staley, B., et al. (2011). Sleep Disordered Breathing with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness is a Risk Factor for Mortality in Older Adults. Sleep , 34 (4), 435-42.
- Hafez, G., Bagchi, K., & Mahaini, R. (2000). Caring for the elderly: a report on the status of care for the elderly in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal , 6 (4), 636-43.
- Henderson, V. (1966 ). The Nature of Nursing: A Definition and its Implications for Practice, Research, and Education. New York: Macmillan Publishing.
- ISTAT. (2011). Il Futuro Demografico del Paese. Previsioni regionali della popolazione residente al 2065.
- ISTAT. (2015, - -). ISTAT (Istituto Nazionale di Statistica) Home-Statistiche-Report-indicatori demografici. Tratto il giorno 01 31, 2016 da ISTAT (Istituto Nazionale di Statistica) : http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/180494
- ISTAT. (2006). Previsioni demografiche nazionali 1° gennaio 2005-1° gennaio 2050.
- Johns, M. (1991). A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep , 14 (6), 540-5.
- Joshi, K., Kumar, R., & Avasthi, A. (2003). Morbidity profile and its relationship with disability and psychological distress among elderly people in Northern India. International Journal of Epidemiology , 32 (6), 978-87.
- Lee, J., Auyeung, T., Leung, J., Chan, D., Kwok, T., Woo, J., et al. (2014). Long sleep duration is associated with higher mortality in older people independent of frailty: a 5-year cohort study. Journal of American the Medical Directors Asssociation , 15 (9), 649-54.
- Maslow, A. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review , 50 (4), 370-96.
- McMurdo, M., Millar, A., & Daly, F. (2000). A randomized controlled trial of fall prevention strategies in old peoples' homes. Gerontology , 46 (2), 83-7.
- Medicine, A. A. (2014). International Classification of Sleep Disorders. 3rd edn. Darien IL.
- Mitnitski, A., Mogilner, A., & Rockwood, K. (2001). Accumulation of deficits as a proxy measure of aging. The Scientific World Sep;2001 1:323–336. The Scientific World , 1, 323–336.
- Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. (2009 ). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Medicine , 6 (7).
- Nóbrega, P., Maciel, A., de Almeida Holanda, C., Oliveira Guerra, R., & Araújo, J. (2014 ). Sleep and frailty syndrome in elderly residents of long-stay institutions: a cross-sectional study. Geriatrics & gerontology International , 14 (3), 605-12.
- Orhan, F., Tuncel, D., TaÅŸ, F., Demirci, N., í–zer, A., & Karaaslan, M. (2012). Relationship between sleep quality and depression among elderly nursing home residents in Turkey. . Sleep & Breathing , 16 (4), 1059-67.
- Perel-Levin, S. (2008). Discussing screening for elder abuse at primary health care level. (WHO, A cura di) WHO Document Production Services .
- Richardson, W., Wilson, M., Nishikawa, J., & Hayward, R. (1995). The well-built clinical question: a key to evidence-based decisions. ACP Journal Club. , 123 (3), A12-3.
- Schaefer, S., & Schumacher, V. (2011). The interplay between cognitive and motor functioningin healthy oder adults: findings from dual task studies and suggestions for intervention. Gerontology. , 57 (3), 239-46.
- Szucs, T. (2001). Future disease burden in the elderly: Rationale for economic planning. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy , 15, 359-361.
- Valenza, M., Cabrera-Martos, I., Martí¬n-Martí¬n, L., Pérez-Garzón, V., Velarde, C., & Valenza-Demet, G. (2013). Nursing homes: Impact of sleep disturbances on functionality. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics , 56 (3), 432-6.
- Von Elm, E., Altman, D., Egger, M., Pocock, S., P.C., G., & J.P., V. (2008 ). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , 61 (4), 344-9.
- Walston, J., & Bandeen-Roche, K. (2015). Frailty: a tale of two concepts. BMC Medicine , 13, 185.
- WHO. (22-24 January 2004). Technical meeting on sleep and health. WHO, European Centre for Environment and Health Bonn Offic. Bonn Germany: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe.
- Williams, K., & Kemper, S. (2010 ). Interventions to reduce cognitive decline in aging. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. , 48 (5), 42-51.
- Xue, Q.-L. (2011). The Frailty Syndrome: Definition and Natural History. Clinics in Geriatrics Medicine , 27 (1), 1-15.
- Yesavage, J., Brink, T., Rose, T., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., et al. ( 1982-1983). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research , 17 (1), 37-49.
Riferimenti
Abolfotouh, M., Daffallah, A., Khan, M., Khattab, M., & Abdulmoneim, I. (2001). Psychosocial assessment of geriatric subjects in Abha City, Saudi Arabia. Eastern Mediterranenan Health Journal , 7 (3), 481-91.
Badran, M., Yassin, B., Fox, N., Laher, I., & Ayas, N. (2015). Epidemiology of Sleep Disturbances and Cardiovascular Consequences. The Canadian Journal of Cardiology , 31 (7), 873-9.
Berlin, R. (1984). Management of insomnia in hospitalized patients. Annals of Internal Medicine , 100 (3), 398-404.
Bherer, L. (2015). Cognitive plasticity in older adults: effects of cognitive training and physical exercise. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , 1337, 1-6.
Buysse, D., Reynolds, C., Monk, T., Berman, S., & Kupfer, D. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - A New Instrument For Psychiatric Practice And Research. Psychiatry Research , 28, 193-213.
Chen, X., Mao, G., & Leng, S. (2014). Frailty syndrome: an overview Clinical Interventions in Aging 2014:9 433–441. Clinical Interventions in Aging , 9, 433–441.
Cochen, V., Arbus, C., Soto, M., Villars, H., Tiberge, M., Montemayor, T., et al. (2009). Sleep disorders and their impacts on healthy, dependent, and frail older adults. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging , 13 (4), 322-9.
Department of Economic and Social Affairs, P. D. (2007). World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision, Highlights,. In U. Nations (A cura di). New York.
Endeshaw, Y., Unruh, M., Kutner, M., Newman, A., & Bliwise, D. (2009). Sleep-disordered Breathing and Frailty in the Cardiovascular Health Study Cohort. American Journal of Epidemiology , 170 (2), 193-202.
Ensrud, K., Blackwell, T., Ancoli-Israel, S., Redline, S., Cawthon, P., Paudel, M., et al. (2012). For the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Group, Sleep Disturbances and Risk of Frailty and Mortality in Older Men. Sleep Medicine , 13 (10), 1217-25.
Ensrud, K., Blackwell, T., Redline, S., Ancoli-Israel, S., Paudel, M., Cawthon, P., et al. (2009). Sleep Disturbances and Frailty Status in Older Community-Dwelling Men. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 57 (11), 2085–2093.
Folstein, M., Folstein, S., & McHugh, P. ( 1975 ). "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Reserarch , 12 (3), 189-98.
Fried, L., Tangen, C., J, W., & al., e. (2001). Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. JGerontolA BiolSciMedSci , 56 (3), M146–M156.
Frighetto, L., Marra, C., Bandali, S., Wilbur, K., & Naumann, T. (2004). An assessment of quality of sleep and the use of drugs with sedating properties in hospitalized adult patients. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes , 2 (17).
Gooneratne, N., Richards, K., Joffe, M., Lam, R., Pack, F., Staley, B., et al. (2011). Sleep Disordered Breathing with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness is a Risk Factor for Mortality in Older Adults. Sleep , 34 (4), 435-42.
Hafez, G., Bagchi, K., & Mahaini, R. (2000). Caring for the elderly: a report on the status of care for the elderly in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal , 6 (4), 636-43.
Henderson, V. (1966 ). The Nature of Nursing: A Definition and its Implications for Practice, Research, and Education. New York: Macmillan Publishing.
ISTAT. (2011). Il Futuro Demografico del Paese. Previsioni regionali della popolazione residente al 2065.
ISTAT. (2015, - -). ISTAT (Istituto Nazionale di Statistica) Home-Statistiche-Report-indicatori demografici. Tratto il giorno 01 31, 2016 da ISTAT (Istituto Nazionale di Statistica) : http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/180494
ISTAT. (2006). Previsioni demografiche nazionali 1° gennaio 2005-1° gennaio 2050.
Johns, M. (1991). A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep , 14 (6), 540-5.
Joshi, K., Kumar, R., & Avasthi, A. (2003). Morbidity profile and its relationship with disability and psychological distress among elderly people in Northern India. International Journal of Epidemiology , 32 (6), 978-87.
Lee, J., Auyeung, T., Leung, J., Chan, D., Kwok, T., Woo, J., et al. (2014). Long sleep duration is associated with higher mortality in older people independent of frailty: a 5-year cohort study. Journal of American the Medical Directors Asssociation , 15 (9), 649-54.
Maslow, A. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review , 50 (4), 370-96.
McMurdo, M., Millar, A., & Daly, F. (2000). A randomized controlled trial of fall prevention strategies in old peoples' homes. Gerontology , 46 (2), 83-7.
Medicine, A. A. (2014). International Classification of Sleep Disorders. 3rd edn. Darien IL.
Mitnitski, A., Mogilner, A., & Rockwood, K. (2001). Accumulation of deficits as a proxy measure of aging. The Scientific World Sep;2001 1:323–336. The Scientific World , 1, 323–336.
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. (2009 ). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Medicine , 6 (7).
Nóbrega, P., Maciel, A., de Almeida Holanda, C., Oliveira Guerra, R., & Araújo, J. (2014 ). Sleep and frailty syndrome in elderly residents of long-stay institutions: a cross-sectional study. Geriatrics & gerontology International , 14 (3), 605-12.
Orhan, F., Tuncel, D., TaÅŸ, F., Demirci, N., í–zer, A., & Karaaslan, M. (2012). Relationship between sleep quality and depression among elderly nursing home residents in Turkey. . Sleep & Breathing , 16 (4), 1059-67.
Perel-Levin, S. (2008). Discussing screening for elder abuse at primary health care level. (WHO, A cura di) WHO Document Production Services .
Richardson, W., Wilson, M., Nishikawa, J., & Hayward, R. (1995). The well-built clinical question: a key to evidence-based decisions. ACP Journal Club. , 123 (3), A12-3.
Schaefer, S., & Schumacher, V. (2011). The interplay between cognitive and motor functioningin healthy oder adults: findings from dual task studies and suggestions for intervention. Gerontology. , 57 (3), 239-46.
Szucs, T. (2001). Future disease burden in the elderly: Rationale for economic planning. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy , 15, 359-361.
Valenza, M., Cabrera-Martos, I., Martí¬n-Martí¬n, L., Pérez-Garzón, V., Velarde, C., & Valenza-Demet, G. (2013). Nursing homes: Impact of sleep disturbances on functionality. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics , 56 (3), 432-6.
Von Elm, E., Altman, D., Egger, M., Pocock, S., P.C., G., & J.P., V. (2008 ). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , 61 (4), 344-9.
Walston, J., & Bandeen-Roche, K. (2015). Frailty: a tale of two concepts. BMC Medicine , 13, 185.
WHO. (22-24 January 2004). Technical meeting on sleep and health. WHO, European Centre for Environment and Health Bonn Offic. Bonn Germany: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe.
Williams, K., & Kemper, S. (2010 ). Interventions to reduce cognitive decline in aging. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. , 48 (5), 42-51.
Xue, Q.-L. (2011). The Frailty Syndrome: Definition and Natural History. Clinics in Geriatrics Medicine , 27 (1), 1-15.
Yesavage, J., Brink, T., Rose, T., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., et al. ( 1982-1983). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research , 17 (1), 37-49.