Contenuto dell'articolo principale
Abstract
RIASSUNTO
Lo studio indaga lo stress post traumatico e descrive la sperimentazione per la validazione italiana della forma abbreviata della Scala per i Sintomi di Disturbo Post Traumatico da Stress (PTSS-10). E' una scala composta da 10 item e l'articolo ne prende in considerazione la versione in tedesco, derivante dalla versione originale in norvegese. La scala si basa sul concetto multidirezionale di stress sostenuto da Lazarus. La sua validazione e la sperimentazione è stata condotta su un gruppo di 60 Volontari dell'ARES 118 di Latina. Lo studio riporta l'affidabilití interna dello strumento tradotto, calcolata con l'alfa di Cronbach e comparata allo studio tedesco. Viene inoltre effettuata l'Analisi Fattoriale e ne sono discussi i risultati. Sono fatte, inoltre, alcune osservazioni, mettendo in relazione i punteggi indicanti un sospetto PTSD con variabili socio-demografiche. I risultati dimostrano l'affidabilití dello strumento; ma, per una sua generalizzazione, è necessario testarlo su un campione più ampio e applicare il Test-Retest.
Parole chiave: Disturbo post-traumatico da stress, validazione, volontari di soccorso.
ABSTRACT
The study investigates and describes post-traumatic stress testing for the Italian validation of the abbreviated form of the Scale for the Symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSS-10). It's a scale comprising 10 items and the article takes into consideration the German version, derived from the original Norwegian. The scale is based on the concept of multidirectional stress supported by Lazarus. Its validation and testing was conducted on a group of 60 ARES 118 volunteers of Latina. The study reports the internal reliability of the translated instrument, calculated using Cronbach's alpha and compared to German study. 'Factor Analysis is calculated and the results are discussed. Some remarks, also, are made by relating scores indicating a suspected PTSD with socio-demographic variables. The results demonstrate the reliability of the instrument, but for a generalization, it should be tested on a larger sample and apply the test -retest.
Key words: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, validation, rescue volunteers
Dettagli dell'articolo
Riferimenti
- Bonomi C., (2001), Breve storia del trauma psichico dalle origini a Ferenczi, in C. Bonomi, F. Borgogno (Eds.), La catastrofe e i suoi simboli. Torino: UTET.
- Charcot J.M. (1889) [1878]. Clinical lectures on diseases of the nervous system [Leí§ons sur les maladies du système nerveux]. (Thomas Savill, translator ed.). London: The New Sydenham Society. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
- de Condillac í‰. B. (1754), Trattato sulle sensazioni. In Opere, UTET, Torino, 1976).
- Kristiansson, MD, Kerstin Sumelius, HP, Sí¸ndergaard MD (2004), Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in the
- Forensic Psychiatric Setting, J Am Acad Psychiatry Law, 32:399–407.
- Cusano, M., Napoli, A. (2003). Fondamenti di psicologia dell'emergenza. In M. Giannantonio (Ed.). Psicotraumatologia e psicologia dell'emergenza. Salerno: Ecomind, 327-343.
- Drell M., Siegel C. and Gaesbauner T., Posttraumatic stress disorders. In (C. Zeanah, ed.), Handbook of infant mental health. New York: The Guilford Press, 1993, pp. 291-304.
- Eid J., Thayer J.F., Johensen B.H. (1999), Measuring post-traumatic stress: A psychometric evaluation of symptom- and coping questionnaires based on a Norwegian sample. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, Volume 40, Issue 2, pages 101–108.
- Farne M. (1999), Lo stress, Bologna, Il Mulino.
- Freud S. (1896), L'eredití e l'etiologia della nevrosi, in Opere (1967-1980), vol.2, Boringhieri, Torino (ed. or. 1896).
- Herman, Judith Lewis (1997). Trauma and recovery: The aftermath of violence from domestic abuse to political terror. Basic Books.
- Johensen B.H., Eid J., Thayer J.F., Laberg J.C. (2002), The effect of sensitization and coping style on post-traumatic stress symptoms and quality of life: Two longitudinal studies, Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 43, 181-188.
- Jonsson A., Segesten K:, Mattson B. (2003), Post-traumatic stress among Swedish ambulance personnel. Emerg Med J, 20:79-84.
- Lazarus, R.S. & Launier, R (1978).: "Stress-related transactions between person and environment."" In: Pervin, L.A. & M. Lewis (Eds.). Perspective in International Psychology, New York: Plenum Press.
- Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984), Stress, Appraisal and Coping. New York: Springer-Verlag.
- Leymann H., Gustaffsson A. (1996). Mobbing at work and the Development of Post-traumatic stress disorders, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 251-275.
- Maercker A, Shutzwohl M, Solomon Z (1999). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders. A lifespan Developmental Perspective. Seattle: Hogrefe&Huber Publishers.
- Marta E, Scabini E. (2003). Giovani volontari. Firenze: Giunti.
- Oppenheim H. (1889), Die traumatichen Neurosen nach den in der Nervenklinik der Charité in den letzen 5 jahren gesammelten Beobachtungen, Hirschwald, Berlin.
- Page H.W. (1883), Injuries, of the Spine and Spinal Cord without Apparent Mechanical Lesion and Nervous Shock in their Surgical and Medico-legal Aspects. London: Churchill.
- Pynoos R. (1990). Post-traumatic Stress disorder in children and adolescents. In B. Garfinkel, G. Carlson, E. Weller (Eds.), Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents (pp. 48-61), Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
- Ranko. (1972), Il trauma della nascita, Guaraldi, Rimini (ed. or. 1924).
- Raphael, B., Lundin, T. & Weisaeth L. (1989): "A Research Method for the Study of Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects of Disaster." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia, Suppl. No. 353, Vol. 80.
- SCchuffel W., Schade B. (1992), Posttraumatic Stress Scale-10 (PTSS-10). (Non pubblicato).
- Schuffel W., Sshade B., Schunk T. (1998), A Brief Inventory to Investigate Stress Reactions. Posttraumatic Symptom Scale-10 items (PTSS-10) - the German version. Paper auf der Tagung der Europäischen Gesellschaft fí¼r Traumatische Stress Studien, Maastricht.
- Soberg H.L., Bautz-Holter E., Roise O., Finset A. (2010), Mental health and posttraumatic stress symptoms 2 years after severe multiple trauma: self-reported disability and psychosocial functioning. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. Mar; 91(3):481-8.
- Stoll, C., Schelling, G., Haller, M., Briegel, J., Schade, B., Schuffel L, W. (1995). The Incidence of Posttraumatic Disorder (PTSD) after Prolonged Intensive Care Treatment for Severe ARDS, Anesthesiology, V 83, N. 3A.
- Strumpell A. (1884), La mia vita di clinico. (Editore Vallecchi, Firenze, 1955).
- Trimbell M.R. (1985), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. History of a Concept, in C.R. Figley (ed.), Trauma and Its Wake, Brunner/Mazel, New York, pp.5-14.
- ThulesiusHulesius H., Hakansson A. (1999), Screening for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Bosnian Refugees, Journal of Traumatic Stress, Vol. 12, n. 1, 167-174.
- Ursano RJ, McCarroll JE (1994) Exposure to traumatic death: the nature of the stressor. In RJ Ursano, BG McCaughey, CS Fullerton (Eds), Individual and community responses to trauma and disaster: The structure of human chaos (pp 46-71). London: Cambridge University Press.
- Young B. et al. (2002). L'assistenza psicologica nelle emergenze. Trento: Centro Studi Erickson.
- Weisaeth L., Die UNIFIL-Untersuchung. Bericht, Teil 1 (translated from Norwegian). Oslo Mil/Huseby, 0016 Oslo, 1993.
Riferimenti
Bonomi C., (2001), Breve storia del trauma psichico dalle origini a Ferenczi, in C. Bonomi, F. Borgogno (Eds.), La catastrofe e i suoi simboli. Torino: UTET.
Charcot J.M. (1889) [1878]. Clinical lectures on diseases of the nervous system [Leí§ons sur les maladies du système nerveux]. (Thomas Savill, translator ed.). London: The New Sydenham Society. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
de Condillac í‰. B. (1754), Trattato sulle sensazioni. In Opere, UTET, Torino, 1976).
Kristiansson, MD, Kerstin Sumelius, HP, Sí¸ndergaard MD (2004), Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in the
Forensic Psychiatric Setting, J Am Acad Psychiatry Law, 32:399–407.
Cusano, M., Napoli, A. (2003). Fondamenti di psicologia dell'emergenza. In M. Giannantonio (Ed.). Psicotraumatologia e psicologia dell'emergenza. Salerno: Ecomind, 327-343.
Drell M., Siegel C. and Gaesbauner T., Posttraumatic stress disorders. In (C. Zeanah, ed.), Handbook of infant mental health. New York: The Guilford Press, 1993, pp. 291-304.
Eid J., Thayer J.F., Johensen B.H. (1999), Measuring post-traumatic stress: A psychometric evaluation of symptom- and coping questionnaires based on a Norwegian sample. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, Volume 40, Issue 2, pages 101–108.
Farne M. (1999), Lo stress, Bologna, Il Mulino.
Freud S. (1896), L'eredití e l'etiologia della nevrosi, in Opere (1967-1980), vol.2, Boringhieri, Torino (ed. or. 1896).
Herman, Judith Lewis (1997). Trauma and recovery: The aftermath of violence from domestic abuse to political terror. Basic Books.
Johensen B.H., Eid J., Thayer J.F., Laberg J.C. (2002), The effect of sensitization and coping style on post-traumatic stress symptoms and quality of life: Two longitudinal studies, Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 43, 181-188.
Jonsson A., Segesten K:, Mattson B. (2003), Post-traumatic stress among Swedish ambulance personnel. Emerg Med J, 20:79-84.
Lazarus, R.S. & Launier, R (1978).: "Stress-related transactions between person and environment."" In: Pervin, L.A. & M. Lewis (Eds.). Perspective in International Psychology, New York: Plenum Press.
Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984), Stress, Appraisal and Coping. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Leymann H., Gustaffsson A. (1996). Mobbing at work and the Development of Post-traumatic stress disorders, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 251-275.
Maercker A, Shutzwohl M, Solomon Z (1999). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders. A lifespan Developmental Perspective. Seattle: Hogrefe&Huber Publishers.
Marta E, Scabini E. (2003). Giovani volontari. Firenze: Giunti.
Oppenheim H. (1889), Die traumatichen Neurosen nach den in der Nervenklinik der Charité in den letzen 5 jahren gesammelten Beobachtungen, Hirschwald, Berlin.
Page H.W. (1883), Injuries, of the Spine and Spinal Cord without Apparent Mechanical Lesion and Nervous Shock in their Surgical and Medico-legal Aspects. London: Churchill.
Pynoos R. (1990). Post-traumatic Stress disorder in children and adolescents. In B. Garfinkel, G. Carlson, E. Weller (Eds.), Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents (pp. 48-61), Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Ranko. (1972), Il trauma della nascita, Guaraldi, Rimini (ed. or. 1924).
Raphael, B., Lundin, T. & Weisaeth L. (1989): "A Research Method for the Study of Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects of Disaster." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia, Suppl. No. 353, Vol. 80.
SCchuffel W., Schade B. (1992), Posttraumatic Stress Scale-10 (PTSS-10). (Non pubblicato).
Schuffel W., Sshade B., Schunk T. (1998), A Brief Inventory to Investigate Stress Reactions. Posttraumatic Symptom Scale-10 items (PTSS-10) - the German version. Paper auf der Tagung der Europäischen Gesellschaft fí¼r Traumatische Stress Studien, Maastricht.
Soberg H.L., Bautz-Holter E., Roise O., Finset A. (2010), Mental health and posttraumatic stress symptoms 2 years after severe multiple trauma: self-reported disability and psychosocial functioning. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. Mar; 91(3):481-8.
Stoll, C., Schelling, G., Haller, M., Briegel, J., Schade, B., Schuffel L, W. (1995). The Incidence of Posttraumatic Disorder (PTSD) after Prolonged Intensive Care Treatment for Severe ARDS, Anesthesiology, V 83, N. 3A.
Strumpell A. (1884), La mia vita di clinico. (Editore Vallecchi, Firenze, 1955).
Trimbell M.R. (1985), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. History of a Concept, in C.R. Figley (ed.), Trauma and Its Wake, Brunner/Mazel, New York, pp.5-14.
ThulesiusHulesius H., Hakansson A. (1999), Screening for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Bosnian Refugees, Journal of Traumatic Stress, Vol. 12, n. 1, 167-174.
Ursano RJ, McCarroll JE (1994) Exposure to traumatic death: the nature of the stressor. In RJ Ursano, BG McCaughey, CS Fullerton (Eds), Individual and community responses to trauma and disaster: The structure of human chaos (pp 46-71). London: Cambridge University Press.
Young B. et al. (2002). L'assistenza psicologica nelle emergenze. Trento: Centro Studi Erickson.
Weisaeth L., Die UNIFIL-Untersuchung. Bericht, Teil 1 (translated from Norwegian). Oslo Mil/Huseby, 0016 Oslo, 1993.