Contenuto dell'articolo principale
Abstract
Introduzione: La pandemia COVID-19 ha messo a dura prova gli infermieri, provocando sentimenti di ansia stress e burnout. Molti studi indagano gli effetti negativi della pandemia sugli infermieri, ma la relazione tra il burnout e la qualità della vita su di essi è ancora da indagare.
Obiettivo: Valutare e descrivere la qualità della vita e i livelli di stress degli infermieri italiani.
Metodi: È stato condotto un sondaggio online su 384 infermieri italiani, utilizzando la metodologia di campionamento snowball, nel periodo compreso tra il 25 Marzo 2020 al 15 maggio 2020. La scala MBI è stata utilizzata per rilevare i livelli di burnout, mentre, la SVQI per la qualità della vita degli infermieri. Abbiamo utilizzato tecniche di statistica descrittive e correlazionali tra le scale e i fattori di rischio. Il livello di significatività è stato posto per p<0.05.
Risultati: Dei 384 questionari completati il campione è cosi composto: 58,1% (223) è di sesso femminile, rispetto al 41,9% (161) maschile. La depersonalizzazione è comparsa nell’85% dei casi, l’esaurimento emotivo nel 52.3%, e la ridotta realizzazione personale nel 17.4%. Complessivamente gli infermieri riferiscono un’insoddisfazione della Qdv fisica, emotiva e sociale. I fattori che contribuiscono all’insorgenza della sindrome sono: genere (p=0.003), reparto (p=0.03), assistenza a pazienti COVID-19 (p=0.02). Le donne sono insoddisfatte della Qdv fisica (p=0.001), emotiva (p=0.001) e sociale (p=0.002). Differenze statisticamente significative per reparto (p=0.01) e area geografica del Nord Italia (p=0.02).
Conclusioni: Alcuni dei fattori studiati sono associati ad alti livelli di stress ed a una Qdv fisica, sociale bassa.
Dettagli dell'articolo
Riferimenti
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- Binda, F., Galazzi, A., Roselli, P., Adamini, I., & La Quintana, D. (2018). Work-related stress and burnout syndrome among nursing staff: Analysis of the phenomenon in an intensive care department- Stress lavorativo e burnout negli infermieri: Analisi del fenomeno in terapia intensiva. Scenario, 2(35), 5–10.
- Black, C. (2012). Why healthcare organisations must look after their staff. Nursing Management (Harrow, London, England: 1994), 19(6), 27–30. https://doi.org/10.7748/nm2012 .10.19.6.27.c9319
- Boorman, S. (2009b). NHS Health and Well-being Review: Final Report. Department of Health, London. Http://tinyurl.com/oobdsd5 (accessed 6 December 2016).
- Boorman, S. (2009a). NHS Health and Well-being Review: Interim Report. Department of Health: London. Http://tinyurl.com/jrvdlkg (accessed 6 December 2016).
- Brooks, B. A., & Anderson, M. A. (2004). Nursing work life in acute care. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 19(3), 269–275. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001786-200407000-00014
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). What you should know about COVID-19 to protect yourself and others- disponibile su https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/2019-ncov-factsheet.pdf.
- Constitution of the World Health Organization. (1947). Chronicle of the World Health Organization, 1(1–2), 29–43.
- Dev, V., Fernando, A. T., Lim, A. G., & Consedine, N. S. (2018). Does self-compassion mitigate the relationship between burnout and barriers to compassion? A cross-sectional quantitative study of 799 nurses. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 81, 81–88. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.02.003
- Dyrbye, L. N., West, C. P., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2009). Defining burnout as a dichotomous variable. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 24(3), 440; author reply 441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-008-0876-6
- Ghelichkhani, P., & Esmaeili, M. (2020). Prone Position in Management of COVID-19 Patients; a Commentary. Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine, 8(1), e48.
- Giuliani, E., Lionte, G., Ferri, P., & Barbieri, A. (2018). The burden of not-weighted factors—Nursing workload in a medical Intensive Care Unit. Intensive & Critical Care Nursing, 47, 98–101. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.iccn.2018.02.009
- Giorgi, F., Mattei, A., Notarnicola, I., Petrucci, C., & Lancia, L. (2018). Can sleep quality and burnout affect the job
- Naz, S., Hashmi, A. M., & Asif, A. (2016). Burnout and quality of life in nurses of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 66(5), 532–536.
- Olofsson, B., Bengtsson, C., & Brink, E. (2003). Absence of response: A study of nurses’ experience of stress in the workplace. Journal of Nursing Management, 11(5), 351–358. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2834.2003.00384.x
- Pfrimmer, D. (2009). Duty to care. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 40(2), 53–54.
- Portero de la Cruz, S., Cebrino, J., Herruzo, J., & Vaquero-Abellán, M. (2020). A Multicenter Study into Burnout, Perceived Stress, Job Satisfaction, Coping Strategies, and General Health among Emergency Department Nursing Staff. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9041007
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- Sirigatti, S., & Stefanile, C. (1993). Adattamento e taratura per l’Italia. Organizzazioni Speciali, Firenze:
- Sirigatti, S., Stefanile, C., & Menoni, E. (1988). Per un adattamento italiano della Maslach Burnourt Inventory (MBI). Bollettino di psicologia applicata, 187–188, 33–39.
- Van Bogaert, P., Peremans, L., Van Heusden, D., Verspuy, M., Kureckova, V., Van de Cruys, Z., & Franck, E. (2017). Predictors of burnout, work engagement and nurse reported job outcomes and quality of care: A mixed method study. BMC Nursing, 16, 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-016-0200-4
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- World Health Organization. (2020). WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19: 11 March 2020. Published March 11, 2020. Accessed March 30, 2020. Https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/ who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-themedia- briefing-on-covid-19—11-march-2020.
- World Health Organization. (2012). The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL).
- Wu, S.-Y., Li, H.-Y., Tian, J., Zhu, W., Li, J., & Wang, X.-R. (2011). Health-related quality of life and its main related factors among nurses in China. Industrial Health, 49(2), 158–165. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.ms1160
Riferimenti
Arnetz, J. E., Goetz, C. M., Arnetz, B. B., & Arble, E. (2020). Nurse Reports of Stressful Situations during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Analysis of Survey Responses. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(21), 8126. https://doi.org10.3390/ijerph17218126
Binda, F., Galazzi, A., Roselli, P., Adamini, I., & La Quintana, D. (2018). Work-related stress and burnout syndrome among nursing staff: Analysis of the phenomenon in an intensive care department- Stress lavorativo e burnout negli infermieri: Analisi del fenomeno in terapia intensiva. Scenario, 2(35), 5–10.
Black, C. (2012). Why healthcare organisations must look after their staff. Nursing Management (Harrow, London, England: 1994), 19(6), 27–30. https://doi.org/10.7748/nm2012 .10.19.6.27.c9319
Boorman, S. (2009b). NHS Health and Well-being Review: Final Report. Department of Health, London. Http://tinyurl.com/oobdsd5 (accessed 6 December 2016).
Boorman, S. (2009a). NHS Health and Well-being Review: Interim Report. Department of Health: London. Http://tinyurl.com/jrvdlkg (accessed 6 December 2016).
Brooks, B. A., & Anderson, M. A. (2004). Nursing work life in acute care. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 19(3), 269–275. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001786-200407000-00014
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). What you should know about COVID-19 to protect yourself and others- disponibile su https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/2019-ncov-factsheet.pdf.
Constitution of the World Health Organization. (1947). Chronicle of the World Health Organization, 1(1–2), 29–43.
Dev, V., Fernando, A. T., Lim, A. G., & Consedine, N. S. (2018). Does self-compassion mitigate the relationship between burnout and barriers to compassion? A cross-sectional quantitative study of 799 nurses. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 81, 81–88. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.02.003
Dyrbye, L. N., West, C. P., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2009). Defining burnout as a dichotomous variable. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 24(3), 440; author reply 441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-008-0876-6
Ghelichkhani, P., & Esmaeili, M. (2020). Prone Position in Management of COVID-19 Patients; a Commentary. Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine, 8(1), e48.
Giuliani, E., Lionte, G., Ferri, P., & Barbieri, A. (2018). The burden of not-weighted factors—Nursing workload in a medical Intensive Care Unit. Intensive & Critical Care Nursing, 47, 98–101. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.iccn.2018.02.009
Giorgi, F., Mattei, A., Notarnicola, I., Petrucci, C., & Lancia, L. (2018). Can sleep quality and burnout affect the job
Naz, S., Hashmi, A. M., & Asif, A. (2016). Burnout and quality of life in nurses of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 66(5), 532–536.
Olofsson, B., Bengtsson, C., & Brink, E. (2003). Absence of response: A study of nurses’ experience of stress in the workplace. Journal of Nursing Management, 11(5), 351–358. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2834.2003.00384.x
Pfrimmer, D. (2009). Duty to care. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 40(2), 53–54.
Portero de la Cruz, S., Cebrino, J., Herruzo, J., & Vaquero-Abellán, M. (2020). A Multicenter Study into Burnout, Perceived Stress, Job Satisfaction, Coping Strategies, and General Health among Emergency Department Nursing Staff. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9041007
Portoghese, I., Galletta, M., Coppola, R. C., Finco, G., & Campagna, M. (2014). Burnout and workload among health care workers: The moderating role of job control. Safety and Health at Work, 5(3), 152–157. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.shaw.2014.05.004
Preti, E., Di Mattei, V., Perego, G., Ferrari, F., Mazzetti, M., Taranto, P., Di Pierro, R., Madeddu, F., & Calati, R. (2020). The Psychological Impact of Epidemic and Pandemic Outbreaks on Healthcare Workers: Rapid Review of the Evidence. Current Psychiatry Reports, 22(8), 43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-01166-z
Reardon, M., Abrahams, R., Thyer, L., & Simpson, P. (2020). Review article: Prevalence of burnout in paramedics: A systematic review of prevalence studies. Emergency Medicine Australasia: EMA, 32(2), 182–189. https://doi.org/10.1111/ 1742-6723.13478
Rotenstein, L. S., Torre, M., Ramos, M. A., Rosales, R. C., Guille, C., Sen, S., & Mata, D. A. (2018). Prevalence of Burnout Among Physicians: A Systematic Review. JAMA, 320(11), 1131. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.12777
Sili, A., Biagioli, V., Caruso, R., & Zaghini, F. (2018). Misurare la Qualità di vita degli infermieri: Adattamento del Satisfaction Profile (SAT-P). Professioni Infermieristiche, 71(3), 160–172.
Simonetti, V., Durante, A., Ambrosca, R., Arcadi, P., Graziano, G., Pucciarelli, G., Simeone, S., Vellone, E., Alvaro, R., & Cicolini, G. (2021). Anxiety, sleep disorders and self-efficacy among nurses during COVID-19 pandemic: A large cross-sectional study. Journal of Clinical Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15685
Sirigatti, S., & Stefanile, C. (1993). Adattamento e taratura per l’Italia. Organizzazioni Speciali, Firenze:
Sirigatti, S., Stefanile, C., & Menoni, E. (1988). Per un adattamento italiano della Maslach Burnourt Inventory (MBI). Bollettino di psicologia applicata, 187–188, 33–39.
Van Bogaert, P., Peremans, L., Van Heusden, D., Verspuy, M., Kureckova, V., Van de Cruys, Z., & Franck, E. (2017). Predictors of burnout, work engagement and nurse reported job outcomes and quality of care: A mixed method study. BMC Nursing, 16, 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-016-0200-4
von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., Vandenbroucke, J. P., & STROBE Initiative. (2007). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet (London, England), 370(9596), 1453–1457. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61602-X
World Health Organization. (2020). WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19: 11 March 2020. Published March 11, 2020. Accessed March 30, 2020. Https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/ who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-themedia- briefing-on-covid-19—11-march-2020.
World Health Organization. (2012). The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL).
Wu, S.-Y., Li, H.-Y., Tian, J., Zhu, W., Li, J., & Wang, X.-R. (2011). Health-related quality of life and its main related factors among nurses in China. Industrial Health, 49(2), 158–165. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.ms1160