Contenuto dell'articolo principale
Abstract
INTRODUZIONE: La qualití di vita (QoL) degli individui dipende molto da ciò che accade nei luoghi di lavoro. Le dinamiche e le caratteristiche della professione infermieristica la rendono tra quelle sottoposte a maggiore stress e impegno emotivo.
Measuring Nurses' Quality of Life: adjustment of Satisfaction Profile (SAT-P)
OBIETTIVO: Validare uno strumento per la misurazione della QoL degli infermieri.
METODI: Dopo aver selezionato dalla letteratura uno strumento di misurazione della QoL, ne è stata rivista la modalití di risposta, quindi è stato avviato uno studio di validazione su un campione di 940 infermieri.
RISULTATI: Lo strumento si è dimostrato valido ed affidabile per la misurazione della QoL degli Infermieri. Dalle analisi sono emerse quattro diverse dimensioni che sono state nominate QoL Fisica, QoL Emotiva, QoL Sociale e QoL Lavorativa. Complessivamente, gli infermieri riferiscono di essere abbastanza soddisfatti della loro qualití di vita. Sono gli infermieri di specifici ambiti clinici a riferire una minore qualití di vita. La dimensione lavorativa è quella che incide maggiormente sulla QoL degli infermieri.
CONCLUSIONI: Poter misurare la QoL degli infermieri è importante per la comunití scientifica e per i dirigenti delle professioni infermieristiche perché consente di indagare un costrutto poco studiato prima e insieme ad altre variabili, può rappresentare un importante valore aggiunto per la valutazione del benessere organizzativo vissuto dagli infermieri nelle aziende sanitarie.
PAROLE CHIAVE: Infermieri; Qualití di Vita; Scala
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Individuals' quality of life (QoL) is strictly linked with working environment experiences. The peculiarities of nursing profession yield it to be stressful, requiring high emotional engagement.
AIM: The main aim of this study was to validate a reliable tool to measure nurses' QoL.
METHODS: A panel of experts selected a tool from literature to measure QoL. They also modified it to achieve more specific version for nurses. The developed tool (NQoLs) was tested on 940 nurses.
RESULTS: NQoLs was a valid and reliable tool to describe different nuances of QoL. Therefore, four dimensions emerge from psychometrics analysis, which were physical, emotional, social and working QoL. Moreover, the overall nurses' QoL was good but with some significant differences related to the clinical settings of belonging. The working dimension had the major impact on the overall nurses' QoL.
CONCLUSION: NQoLs allows to measure QoL amongst nurses, and that is strategic for both research and management, due to NQoLs can help to face with a number of issues coming from an area with many gaps in knowledge. It should also be helpful to assess QoL in relation with organizational wellbeing amongst nurses.
KEYWORDS: Nurses; Quality of Life; Scale
Dettagli dell'articolo
Riferimenti
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- G., Miazza, D., & Pelissero, G. (2015). Investigating burnout situations, nurses' stress
- perception and effect of a post-graduate
- education program in health care organizations of
- northern Italy: a multicenter study. Giornale
- Italiano Di Medicina Del Lavoro Ed Ergonomia,
- (1), 39–45.
- Arrigoni, C., Grugnetti, A. M., Caruso, R., Gallotti,
- M. L., Borrelli, P., & Puci, M. (2017). Nursing
- students' clinical competencies: a survey on
- clinical education objectives. Annali Di Igiene:
- Medicina Preventiva E Di Comunita, 29(3), 179–
- Avis, N. E., Smith, K. W., Hambleton, R. K.,
- Feldman, H. A., Selwyn, A. & Jacobs, A. (1996).
- Development of the Multidemsional Index of Life
- Quality. Medical Care, 34, 1102-1120.
- Badolamenti, S., Sili, A., Caruso, R., & Fida, R.
- (2017). What do we know about emotional
- labour in nursing? A narrative review. British
- Journal of Nursing, 26(1), 48–55.
- https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2017.26.1.4
- Ball, J., Day, T., Murrells, T., Dall'Ora, C., Rafferty, A.
- M., Griffiths, P., & Maben, J. (2017). Crosssectional
- examination of the association between
- shift length and hospital nurses job satisfaction
- and nurse reported quality measures. BMC
- nursing, 16(1), 26.
- Ball, J. E., Griffiths, P., Rafferty, A. M., Lindqvist, R.,
- Murrells, T., & Tishelman, C. (2016). A
- cross sectional study of "˜care left undone'on
- nursing shifts in hospitals. Journal of advanced
- nursing, 72(9), 2086-2097.
- Barbaranelli, C., D'Olimpio, F. (2006). Analisi dei
- dati con SPSS (Vol. 2). Milano: Led.
- Barton, M., Yeatts, P. E., Henson, R. K., & Martin, S.
- B. (2016). Moving beyond univariate post-hoc
- testing in exercise science: A primer on descriptive
- discriminate analysis. Research quarterly for
- exercise and sport, 87(4), 365-375.
- Benson, J., & Clark, F. (1982). A guide for instrument
- development and validation. American Journal of
- Occupational Therapy, 36(12), 789-800.
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- moderate, and severe pain on the visual analogue
- scale for pain in patients with chronic
- musculoskeletal pain. PAIN®, 155(12), 2545-
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- riconoscimento: figure della coscienza in
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- Caruso, R., Pittella, F., Zaghini, F., Fida, R., & Sili, A.
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- Yoon, H. J. (2017). Relationships Between Nurse
- Staffing and Patients' Experiences, and the
- Mediating Effects of Missed Nursing Care.
- Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 49(3), 347-355.
- Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2013).
- Research methods in education. Routledge.
- Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1992). A first course in
- factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Dhaini, S., Zúñiga, F., Ausserhofer, D., Simon, M.,
- Kunz, R., De Geest, S., & Schwendimann, R.
- (2016). Absenteeism and presenteeism among
- care Workers in Swiss nursing homes and their
- association with psychosocial work environment:
- a multi-site cross-sectional study. Gerontology,
- (4), 386-395.
- Di Nicola, P. (2017). Capitale sociale, qualití delle
- relazioni, qualití della vita: benessere e
- soddisfazione. Sociologia Italiana-AIS Journal of
- Sociology: Aprile 2013, (1), 29.
- Farhadi, P., Sharifian, R., Feili, A., Shokrpour, N.
- (2013). The effects of supervisors' supportive role,
- job stress, and work-family conflicts on the
- nurses' attitudes. Health Care Manag.
- (Frederick), 2, 107–122.
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- index development and psychometric properties.
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- Fida, R., Paciello, M., Tramontano, C., Fontaine, R. G., Barbaranelli, C., & Farnese, M. L. (2015). An
- integrative approach to understanding
- counterproductive work behavior: The roles of
- stressors, negative emotions, and moral
- disengagement. Journal of Business Ethics,
- (1), 131-144
- Franco, G., & Mora, E. (2009). Attivití del medico
- competente e obblighi etici secondo il nuovo testo
- unico sulla sicurezza sul lavoro (decreto legislativo
- /2008). Epidem Prev, 33, 116-121.
- Hakanen, J. J., Schaufeli, W. B. (2012). Do burnout
- and work engagement predict depressive
- symptoms and life satisfaction? A three-wave
- seven-year prospective study. Journal of affective
- disorders, 141(2), 415-424
- Jamieson, S. (2004). Likert scales: how to (ab) use
- them. Medical education, 38(12), 1217-1218.
- Lawrence, K. (2014). Balancing life and work.
- Canadian Family Physician, 60(8), 761-761.
- Majani, G., & Callegari, S. (1998). SATP/
- Satisfaction Profile. Soddisfazione soggettiva e
- qualití della vita (Vol. 30). Edizioni Erickson.
- Majani, G., Callegari, S., Pierobon, A., Giardini, A.,
- Viola, L., Baiardini, I., & Sommaruga, M.
- (1999). A new instrument in quality-of-life
- assessment: The satisfaction profile (SAT-P).
- International Journal of Mental Health, 28(3),
- -82.
- Marcoulides, G. A., Hershberger, S. L. (1997).
- Multivariate statistical methods: A first course.
- Psychology Press.
- Millis, D. L., & Levine, D. (2014). Activities of Daily
- Living. Canine Rehabilitation and Physical
- Therapy-E-Book, 220.
- Muthén, L. K., Muthén, B. O. (1998-2012). Mplus
- user's guide (seventh ed.). Los Angeles CA:
- Muthén & Muthén
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- New York: McGraw-Hill 1994
- Perry, L., Xu, X., Duffield, C., Gallagher, R., Nicholls,
- R., & Sibbritt, D. (2017). Health, workforce
- characteristics, quality of life and intention to
- leave: The "˜Fit for the Future'survey of Australian
- nurses and midwives. Journal of Advanced
- Nursing.
- Rousseau, J. J. (2015). Il contratto sociale. Edizioni
- Mondadori.
- Ruini, C., Scrignaro, M., Bassi, M., & Fianco, A.
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- positiva: Strumenti e prospettive. FrancoAngeli.
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- White, D. A., Adams, E. L., & Rollins, A. L.
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- Burnout and Quality and Safety in Healthcare: A
- Meta-Analysis. Journal of general internal
- medicine, 32(4), 475-482.
- Sasso, L., Bagnasco, A., Zanini, M., Catania, G., Aleo,
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- preliminary results from a cross-sectional study in
- North Italy. Health and Quality of Life
- Outcomes, 4(1), 47.
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- Positive psychology: An introduction. In Flow
- and the foundations of positive psychology (pp.
- -298). Springer Netherlands.
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- Venturini, G., & Alvaro, R. (2010). Validití e
- affidabilití del questionario infermieristico sulla
- salute organizzativa. Professioni Infermieristiche,
- (1), 27-37.
- Sirgy, M. J. (2012). The psychology of quality of life:
- Hedonic well-being, life satisfaction, and
- eudaimonia (Vol. 50). Springer Science &
- Business Media.
- Skodova, Z., Lajciakova, P., & Banovcinova, L.
- (2017). Burnout Syndrome Among Health Care
- Students: The Role of Type D Personality.
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- health and work related factors on health-related
- quality of life among Iranian industrial workers.
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Riferimenti
Arrigoni, C., Caruso, R., Campanella, F., Berzolari, F.
G., Miazza, D., & Pelissero, G. (2015). Investigating burnout situations, nurses' stress
perception and effect of a post-graduate
education program in health care organizations of
northern Italy: a multicenter study. Giornale
Italiano Di Medicina Del Lavoro Ed Ergonomia,
(1), 39–45.
Arrigoni, C., Grugnetti, A. M., Caruso, R., Gallotti,
M. L., Borrelli, P., & Puci, M. (2017). Nursing
students' clinical competencies: a survey on
clinical education objectives. Annali Di Igiene:
Medicina Preventiva E Di Comunita, 29(3), 179–
Avis, N. E., Smith, K. W., Hambleton, R. K.,
Feldman, H. A., Selwyn, A. & Jacobs, A. (1996).
Development of the Multidemsional Index of Life
Quality. Medical Care, 34, 1102-1120.
Badolamenti, S., Sili, A., Caruso, R., & Fida, R.
(2017). What do we know about emotional
labour in nursing? A narrative review. British
Journal of Nursing, 26(1), 48–55.
https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2017.26.1.4
Ball, J., Day, T., Murrells, T., Dall'Ora, C., Rafferty, A.
M., Griffiths, P., & Maben, J. (2017). Crosssectional
examination of the association between
shift length and hospital nurses job satisfaction
and nurse reported quality measures. BMC
nursing, 16(1), 26.
Ball, J. E., Griffiths, P., Rafferty, A. M., Lindqvist, R.,
Murrells, T., & Tishelman, C. (2016). A
cross sectional study of "˜care left undone'on
nursing shifts in hospitals. Journal of advanced
nursing, 72(9), 2086-2097.
Barbaranelli, C., D'Olimpio, F. (2006). Analisi dei
dati con SPSS (Vol. 2). Milano: Led.
Barton, M., Yeatts, P. E., Henson, R. K., & Martin, S.
B. (2016). Moving beyond univariate post-hoc
testing in exercise science: A primer on descriptive
discriminate analysis. Research quarterly for
exercise and sport, 87(4), 365-375.
Benson, J., & Clark, F. (1982). A guide for instrument
development and validation. American Journal of
Occupational Therapy, 36(12), 789-800.
Biagi, B., Lambiri, D., & Royuela, V. (2006). Quality
of life in the economic and urban economic
literature.
Biagioli, V., Prandi, C., Giuliani, L., Nyatanga, B., &
Fida, R. (2016). Prosocial behaviour in palliative
nurses: Psychometric evaluation of the
prosociality scale. International Journal of
Palliative Nursing, 22(6), 292-298. doi:
12968/ijpn.2016.22.6.292
Boccadoro L., Carulli S., (2008). Il posto dell'amore
negato. Sessualití e psicopatologie segrete.
Edizioni Tecnoprint, Ancona. ISBN 978-88-
-03-7
Boonstra, A. M., Preuper, H. R. S., Balk, G. A., &
Stewart, R. E. (2014). Cut-off points for mild,
moderate, and severe pain on the visual analogue
scale for pain in patients with chronic
musculoskeletal pain. PAIN®, 155(12), 2545-
Carnevali, B. (2004). Romanticismo e
riconoscimento: figure della coscienza in
Rousseau.
Caruso, R., Pittella, F., Zaghini, F., Fida, R., & Sili, A.
(2016). Development and validation of the
Nursing Profession Self-Efficacy Scale.
International Nursing Review, 63(3), 455–464.
https://doi.org/10.1111/i nr.12291
Caruso, R., Miazza, D., Berzolari, F. G., Grugnetti, A.
M., Lichosik, D., & Arrigoni, C. (2017). Gender
differences among cancer nurses ' stress
perception and coping : an Italian single centre
observational study. Giornale Italiano Di
Medicina Del Lavoro Ed Ergonomia, 39(2), 93–
Cherniss, C. (2016). Beyond Burnout: Helping
Teachers, Nurses, Therapists and Lawyers Recover
from Stress and Disillusionment. Routledge.
Cho, S. H., Mark, B. A., Knafl, G., Chang, H. E., &
Yoon, H. J. (2017). Relationships Between Nurse
Staffing and Patients' Experiences, and the
Mediating Effects of Missed Nursing Care.
Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 49(3), 347-355.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2013).
Research methods in education. Routledge.
Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1992). A first course in
factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Dhaini, S., Zúñiga, F., Ausserhofer, D., Simon, M.,
Kunz, R., De Geest, S., & Schwendimann, R.
(2016). Absenteeism and presenteeism among
care Workers in Swiss nursing homes and their
association with psychosocial work environment:
a multi-site cross-sectional study. Gerontology,
(4), 386-395.
Di Nicola, P. (2017). Capitale sociale, qualití delle
relazioni, qualití della vita: benessere e
soddisfazione. Sociologia Italiana-AIS Journal of
Sociology: Aprile 2013, (1), 29.
Farhadi, P., Sharifian, R., Feili, A., Shokrpour, N.
(2013). The effects of supervisors' supportive role,
job stress, and work-family conflicts on the
nurses' attitudes. Health Care Manag.
(Frederick), 2, 107–122.
Ferrans, C. E., Powers, M. (1985). Quality of life
index development and psychometric properties.
Advances in Nursing Science, 8, 15-24.
Fida, R., Paciello, M., Tramontano, C., Fontaine, R. G., Barbaranelli, C., & Farnese, M. L. (2015). An
integrative approach to understanding
counterproductive work behavior: The roles of
stressors, negative emotions, and moral
disengagement. Journal of Business Ethics,
(1), 131-144
Franco, G., & Mora, E. (2009). Attivití del medico
competente e obblighi etici secondo il nuovo testo
unico sulla sicurezza sul lavoro (decreto legislativo
/2008). Epidem Prev, 33, 116-121.
Hakanen, J. J., Schaufeli, W. B. (2012). Do burnout
and work engagement predict depressive
symptoms and life satisfaction? A three-wave
seven-year prospective study. Journal of affective
disorders, 141(2), 415-424
Jamieson, S. (2004). Likert scales: how to (ab) use
them. Medical education, 38(12), 1217-1218.
Lawrence, K. (2014). Balancing life and work.
Canadian Family Physician, 60(8), 761-761.
Majani, G., & Callegari, S. (1998). SATP/
Satisfaction Profile. Soddisfazione soggettiva e
qualití della vita (Vol. 30). Edizioni Erickson.
Majani, G., Callegari, S., Pierobon, A., Giardini, A.,
Viola, L., Baiardini, I., & Sommaruga, M.
(1999). A new instrument in quality-of-life
assessment: The satisfaction profile (SAT-P).
International Journal of Mental Health, 28(3),
-82.
Marcoulides, G. A., Hershberger, S. L. (1997).
Multivariate statistical methods: A first course.
Psychology Press.
Millis, D. L., & Levine, D. (2014). Activities of Daily
Living. Canine Rehabilitation and Physical
Therapy-E-Book, 220.
Muthén, L. K., Muthén, B. O. (1998-2012). Mplus
user's guide (seventh ed.). Los Angeles CA:
Muthén & Muthén
Nunnally IC, Bernstein IH: Psychometric Theory.
New York: McGraw-Hill 1994
Perry, L., Xu, X., Duffield, C., Gallagher, R., Nicholls,
R., & Sibbritt, D. (2017). Health, workforce
characteristics, quality of life and intention to
leave: The "˜Fit for the Future'survey of Australian
nurses and midwives. Journal of Advanced
Nursing.
Rousseau, J. J. (2015). Il contratto sociale. Edizioni
Mondadori.
Ruini, C., Scrignaro, M., Bassi, M., & Fianco, A.
(Eds.). (2017). Le partiche della psicologia
positiva: Strumenti e prospettive. FrancoAngeli.
Salyers, M. P., Bonfils, K. A., Luther, L., Firmin, R. L.,
White, D. A., Adams, E. L., & Rollins, A. L.
(2017). The Relationship Between Professional
Burnout and Quality and Safety in Healthcare: A
Meta-Analysis. Journal of general internal
medicine, 32(4), 475-482.
Sasso, L., Bagnasco, A., Zanini, M., Catania, G., Aleo,
G., Santullo, A., Spandonaro, F., Icardi, G.,
Watson, R., Sermeus, W. (2016). The general
results of the RN4CAST survey in Italy. Journal
of Advanced Nursing. doi: 10.1111/jan.13066.
Savoia, E., Fantini, M. P., Pandolfi, P. P., Dallolio, L.,
& Collina, N. (2006). Assessing the construct
validity of the Italian version of the EQ-5D:
preliminary results from a cross-sectional study in
North Italy. Health and Quality of Life
Outcomes, 4(1), 47.
Seligman, M. E., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014).
Positive psychology: An introduction. In Flow
and the foundations of positive psychology (pp.
-298). Springer Netherlands.
Sili, A., Vellone, E., De Marinis, M. G., Fida, R.,
Venturini, G., & Alvaro, R. (2010). Validití e
affidabilití del questionario infermieristico sulla
salute organizzativa. Professioni Infermieristiche,
(1), 27-37.
Sirgy, M. J. (2012). The psychology of quality of life:
Hedonic well-being, life satisfaction, and
eudaimonia (Vol. 50). Springer Science &
Business Media.
Skodova, Z., Lajciakova, P., & Banovcinova, L.
(2017). Burnout Syndrome Among Health Care
Students: The Role of Type D Personality.
Western journal of nursing research, 39(3), 416-
Smart, D., English, A., James, J. et al. (2014).
Compassion fatigue and satisfaction: A crosssectional
survey among US healthcare workers.
Nurs.Health Sci, 16, 3–10.
Smeltzer, S. C., Sharts-Hopko, N. C., Cantrell, M. A.,
Heverly, M. A., Jenkinson, A., & Nthenge, S.
(2015). Work-life balance of nursing faculty in
research- and practice-focused doctoral programs.
Nursing Outlook, 63(6), 621–631
Taghavi, S. M., Mokarami, H., Nazifi, M.,
Choobineh, A., Marioryad, H., Kujerdi, M.
(2014). The influence of socio-demographic,
health and work related factors on health-related
quality of life among Iranian industrial workers.
Health, 6, 2250–2260.
The EuroQol Group (1990). EuroQoL – a new
facility for the measurement of healt-related
quality of life. Health Policy, 16, 199-208.
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