Contenuto dell'articolo principale

Abstract

Scopo. Le sale operatorie (SOs) sono strutture organizzative caratterizzate da un elevato grado di complessití  organizzativa e gestionale che pone un attento monitoraggio dei processi produttivi, in una logica "spendingreview". Pertanto diviene necessario pianificare interventi di miglioramento ove questi siano applicabili. È in questo contesto che è stata realizzata questa indagine, al fine di migliorare l'efficienza del servizio reso a parití  di costi

Metodi. E' stato realizzato una analisi organizzativa tra i mesi di Aprile e Dicembre 2016 su un blocco operatorio dell'azienda ospedaliera, applicando la metodologia "process management" alla realtí  delle SOs. Il progetto ha coinvolto due aree chirurgiche dello stesso blocco operatorio, quali l'area elettiva chirurgica multi-specialistica (BOE) e quella cardio-chirurgica (CCH). L'analisi dei processi ha visto coinvolti i tre percorsi prodotto, paziente e sicurezza, su differenti prospettive: prospettiva "asis", di processo e stakeholder. I dati sono stati elaborati per statistica descrittiva, e il t di student è stato utilizzato per determinate la differenza tra due medie, considerando significativo un p-value< 0.05. Il coefficiente di variazione (CV) è stato utilizzato per descrivere la variabilití  dei dati rilevati.

Risultati: Il percorso prodotto (asis) ha permesso di descrivere i tempi per le attivití  relativi alla logistica inbound. Sia per il BOE che per la CCH le attivití  settimanali con maggiore impegno temporale sono state la verifica e lo stoccaggio dei farmaci e dei presidi (130[DS=±14] per la prima e 30[DS=±18] per la seconda). I tempi medi di allestimento sala, calcolati separatamente per il primo intervento erano di 27 (SD = ± 17), e per gli interventi successivi di 15 (SD=± 10), ove si evidenzia una differenza significativa di 12 minuti tra i due tempi (p<0,001). In CCH si segnala una elevata variabilití  dei tempi rilevati per queste operazioni (CV= 82%). L'outcome del percorso prodotto, attraverso la prospettiva degli stakeholders, ha fatto emergere discreti valori medi di soddisfazione degli infermieri, dei chirurghi (2.9 vs 2.3) degli anestesisti (2.8 BOE vs 2.4 CCH). Il fattore "trasporto da un padiglione esterno" ha influenzato negativamente la percezione dei pazienti: i tempi sono risultati nettamente ridotti per coloro che afferivano alla CCH rispetto al BOE (p<0,001). I risultati del percorso sicurezza hanno fatto emergere una moderata criticití  sia in relazione al riordino a fine seduta operatoria, sia in relazione al ritardo dell'inizio del primo intervento programmato.

Conclusioni. Ogni sforzo deve essere diretto ad individuare e risolvere sprechi e situazioni che limitano la produttivití , al fine di permettere la migliore erogazione di prestazioni assistenziali e mediche ai pazienti. L'implementazione di un modello lean, può potenziare quei processi che portano efficienza e qualití , limitando sprechi e tempi improduttivi, utili a migliorare la percezione sia del cliente esterno che di quello interno. Parole chiave: Gestione, Sala Operatoria, Scienze Infermieristiche, Organizzazione Snella, Efficienza.

Improving operating room efficiency: an observational and multidimensional approach in the San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome

Aim. The management of operating rooms (ORs) is a complex process which requires an effective organizational scheme. In order to amore convinient allocation of resources a rigorous monitoring plan is needed to ensure operating rooms performances. All the necessary actions should be taken to improve the quality of the planning and scheduling procedure.

Methods. Between April-December, 2016 an organizational analysis has been carried out on the performances of the A.O. S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital Operating Block applying the "process management" approach to the ORs efficiency. The project involved two different surgical areas of the same operating block the multi-specialist and elective surgery and cardio-vascular surgery. The analyses of the processes was made through the product, patient and safety approach and from different points of view: the "asis", process and stakeholder perspectives. Descriptive statistics was used to process raw data and Student's t-distribution was used to assess the difference between the two means (significant p value Ë‚0,05). The Coefficient of Variation (CV) was used to describe the variabilityamong data

Results. The asis approach allowed us to describe the ORs inbound activities. For both operating block the most demanding weekly commitments in terms of time turned out to be the inventory management procedures of controlling and stocking medicines, general medical supplies and instruments (130[DS=±14] for BOE and 30[DS=±18] for CCH. The average time spent on preparing the operating room, separately calculated starting from the first surgical case, was of 27 minutes (SD=± 17) while for the following surgical procedures preparation time decreased to 15 minutes (SD= ± 10), which highlighted a meaningful difference of 12 minutes (pË‚0,001). A great variability was registered in CCH due to the unpredictability of these operations (CV 82%). The stakeholders' perspective revealed a reasonable level of satisfaction among nurses and surgeons (2.9 vs 2.3, respectively) and in anesthesiologist (2.8-BOE vs 2.4 CCH).Being brought to the surgical suite from an "external Unit" seems to have negatively influenced the patient's perception: preparation time turned out to be significantly lower for CCH patients rather than BOE ones (pË‚0,001).The results of the safety procedure approach highlighted a moderate criticality in terms of cleaning up time and delay in the starting time of the first surgical case.

Conclusions. More effort should be made to avoid any slowdown during the whole process. It is advisable to implement a lean system that may improve efficiency and quality of the service to reduce wastes and unproductive times. This would inevitably generate a more positive outcomes.

Key Words: Management, Operating Room, Nursing, Lean Organization, Efficiency

 

 

Dettagli dell'articolo

Come citare
Mitello, L., D’Alba, F., Milito, F., Orazi, D., Battilana, D., Marucci, A. R., Longo, A., & Latina, R. (2017). Miglioramento dell’efficienza nel blocco operatorio: uno studio osservazionale e multidimensionale nell’Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo-Forlanini di Roma. PROFESSIONI INFERMIERISTICHE, 70(2). Recuperato da https://www.profinf.net/pro3/index.php/IN/article/view/370

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