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Abstract

Scopo. Descrivere un progetto di ricerca disegnato per promuovere il self-care in ambito nutrizionale nelle persone anziane. La ricerca si propone di: a) valutare l'efficacia di un intervento educativo per la modifica di conoscenze, comportamenti e atteggiamenti in ambito nutrizionale; b) descrivere l'abilití  e i comportamenti di self-care in rapporto alla nutrizione; c) identificare i fattori favorenti o le barriere ai cambiamenti nelle conoscenze, comportamenti e atteggiamenti nutrizionali.

Metodo. Il disegno di ricerca sarí  di tipo misto sequenziale esplicativo. Lo studio prevede l'arruolamento di 50 persone di etí  uguale o superiore a 65 anni. Nella prima fase quantitativa sarí  usato un disegno pre-test e post-test per la realizzazione di un intervento educativo mirato alla modificazione di conoscenze, comportamenti e atteggiamenti in ambito nutrizionale. Sulla base dei risultati dell'intervento educativo sarí  condotta la fase qualitativa dello studio con la realizzazione di focus group in sottogruppi di anziani. In una terza fase i risultati quantitativi e qualitativi saranno integrati. I dati quantitativi saranno analizzati attraverso metodi statistici descrittivi e inferenziali e i dati qualitativi attraverso l'analisi del contenuto.

Risultati. Lo studio fornirí  nuove conoscenze su come le persone anziane si prendono cura di sé, e sui fattori che promuovono il self-care in ambito nutrizionale. Conclusione. La promozione del self-care è un obiettivo importante per il personale infermieristico nell'ambito dell'assistenza alle persone anziane. I programmi educativi rivolti al mantenimento di una corretta alimentazione nell'anziano possono contribuire a ridurre la malnutrizione e le malattie correlate e devono basarsi su conoscenze derivate dalla ricerca che possono rendere gli interventi più efficaci ed individualizzati. Parole Chiave: promozione della salute, cambiamenti di comportamento, nutrizione, self-care, nursing, infermieri, anziani, metodo misto

Nutritional self-care promotion in community-dwelling older people: a protocol of mixed method research

Aim. To describe a research protocol designed to promote nutritional self-care in older people. The aims of the research are: a) to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutritional education intervention in changing knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors; b) to describe the nutritional self-care ability and activities; c) to identify the promoting factors and barriers that influence the changes in nutritional knowledge, behaviors and attitudes in home-dwelling older people.

Method. Sequential explanatory mixed method design. The study will enroll 50 people aged 65 years and over. In the first quantitative phase, a pre-test and post-test design will be used to deliver a nutritional intervention aimed to change knowledge, behaviors and attitudes toward nutrition. Using the quantitative study results, the qualitative study phase will be conducted by interviews in sub-groups of older people. In a third phase, the quantitative and qualitative study results will be integrated. Quantitative data will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and qualitative data will be analyzed through content analysis.

Results. The study will provide new knowledge on nutritional self-care in home-dwelling older adults and the factors promoting nutritional self-care.

Conclusion. Nutritional self-care promotion is of pivotal importance for the nursing care provided to home-dwelling older people. Educational programs aimed at the maintenance of proper nutrition in the older adults may reduce malnutrition and the related diseases. Nutrition educational programs should be based on knowledge derived from research to tailor individualized nutritional interventions and to realize effective educational programs.

Key words: health promotion, behavior change, nutrition, self-care, nursing, nurses, older people, mixed method

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Come citare
Raffaele, B., Matarese, M., Piredda, M., & De Marinis, M. G. (2016). La promozione del self-care in ambito nutrizionale nella persona anziana: protocollo di ricerca con metodo misto. PROFESSIONI INFERMIERISTICHE, 69(3). Recuperato da https://www.profinf.net/pro3/index.php/IN/article/view/271
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