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Abstract

Aim: To identify nursing diagnoses and theoretical frameworks used in neonatal units through a literature review. Method: Cinahl, Medline and Lilacs, database were used to perform this study. The descrip- tors used were: "Nursing Diagnosis" AND "Models, Nursing" OR "Nursing Theory" AND "Infant" OR "Newborn". The search was limited to articles published from 2000 to November 2013. Studies were selected only if they were written in English, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian.

Results: In the literature review two taxonomies and six major theoretical frameworks were identified. The most frequently detected nursing diagnoses were: activity intolerance, impaired spontaneous ventilation, ineffective breathing pattern, risk for aspiration, delayed growth and development, Ineffective breastfeeding, Ineffective infant feeding pattern, hyperthermia / hypothermia, risk for infection, impaired tissue integrity, Interrupted family processes, risk for impaired parenting, risk for impaired attachment, interrupted family processes. Diagnoses applying to parents' psychosocial sphere were identified, enabling the newborn's integral evaluation, including the family.

Conclusions: Nursing diagnoses provide nurses working in neonatal units the opportunity of an effective management of the care process as well as the availability of the needed data in order to continuously improve a quality-based nursing care. The use of one model or more reference models represents a way to help professional action.

Keywords: Nursing Diagnosis, Models Nursing, Nursing Theory, Infant, Newborn

Diagnosi infermieristiche e quadri teorici nelle unití  neonatali: una revisione della letteratura

Obiettivo: Identificare le diagnosi infermieristiche ed i quadri teorici utilizzati nelle unití  neonatali attraverso una revisione della letteratura. Metodo: Per effettuare questo studio sono stati usati database come Cinahl, Medline e Lilacs. I descrittori usati sono: "Diagnosi infermieristica" AND "Modelli, Infermieristici" OR "Teoria infermieristica" AND "Infante" OR "Neonato". La ricerca era limitata agli arti- coli pubblicati dal 2000 al novembre 2013. Venivano selezionati soltanto gli studi scritti in inglese, spagnolo, portoghese e italiano.

Risultati: Nella revisione della letteratura sono state identificate due tassonomie e sei impor- tanti quadri teorici. Le diagnosi infermieristiche più frequentemente individuate sono: intol- leranza alle attivití , ridotta ventilazione spontanea, modello di respirazione inefficace, rischio di aspirazione, ritardo nella crescita e nello sviluppo, allattamento al seno inefficace, modello di alimentazione infantile inefficace, ipertermia/ipotermia, rischio di infezione, alterazione dell'integrití  cutanea, interruzione dei processi familiari, rischio di compromissione della genitorialití , rischio di riduzione dell'attaccamento. Sono state identificate diagnosi appli- cabili alla sfera psico-sociale genitoriale che consentivano una valutazione integrale del neonato, compresa la famiglia.

Conclusioni: Le diagnosi infermieristiche consentono agli infermieri che lavorano nelle unití  neonatali l'opportunití  di gestire efficacemente il processo assistenziale, nonché la disponibilití  dei dati necessari per il continuo miglioramento della qualití  nella cura infer- mieristica. L'utilizzo di un unico modello o di più modelli di riferimento costituisce un modo per aiutare l'agire professionale.

Parole chiave: Diagnosi infermieristica, Modelli infermieristici, Teoria infermieristica, Infante, Neonato.


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Di Sarra, L., D’agostino, F., Cocchieri, A., Vellone, E., Zega, M., & Alvaro, R. (2016). Nursing diagnoses and theoretical frameworks in neonatal units: a literature review. PROFESSIONI INFERMIERISTICHE, 69(1). Recuperato da https://www.profinf.net/pro3/index.php/IN/article/view/211
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